2.1- design methods and processes Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is an iterative design process?
a process in which a series of investigations and further development takes place, including a number of prototypes made, before the final outcome is decided and is ready for production
what is user centered design?
developing a new product according to what the customers need or want- during the development, the customers are frequently asked for feedback to ensure the product is still relevant to them. It can also be referred to as ‘user driven design’
what can user centered design also be referred as?
User driven design
what are the four different things that user centered design involves?
- identifying the target market and understanding for what purpose they will use the product/garment
- understanding the requirements for a successful design
- creating designs, samples and prototypes
- testing and evaluating design ideas, samples and prototypes
why is it essential that feedback is received from potential customers rather than people working on the design?
if the product is only tested and evaluated by those involved in the developing of the product, they would miss issues raised in the feedback from the first time user of the product- getting feedback from potential customers ensures invaluable feedback
what are the three different types of ‘need’ for a garment in the industry?
- a gap in the market
- new high street fashion products are developed according to the prediction of a new trend- the desire to have the latest fashion products are fueled by advertising and marketing
- innovative, different and exclusive products
what is primary data?
gathered directly by businesses, or businesses can pay someone else to research and present the data
how can primary data be collected? (6 different ways)
- questionnaires
- shop surveys including observing consumer behaviour
- social media surveys
- telephone, online or face to face interviews
- focus group meetings
- consumer panels
what is a focus group?
a one-off discussion with a group of people from a target market, who rate ideas for a new product and feedback their opinions
what are customer panels?
a group of potential customers who are regularly consulted on their opinions about a new product design at different stages of its development- for example focus groups that meet regularly to feed back on each stage of product development can be known as a customer panel
what is secondary data?
secondary data can be gathered free of charge from printed publications or online, or purchased from specialist market research companies
what 7 things does secondary data include?
- trend forecasts
- sales and company reports
- government publications
- media sources such as magazines and newspapers
- internet research e.g product reviews
- industry and trade association publications
- education institution reports such as articles and university reports
what is the purpose of market research?
collecting data to determine whether there is a need or a desire for a product, and to find out about the target market, competitors and market trends
what is quantative data?
factual information gathered from market research- it is often in numerical form and can be collected by measuring ‘how many’. research-gathering questions are used closed questions with a yes/no response, and data is sorted in into rank order or categories and then statistically analysed. It is referred to as ‘quantative data’ as the quantity of the answer is more relevant than the quality- this is because the responses are simple and generally just answer about specific questions.
what is qualitative data?
consists of the opinions, behaviours and viewpoints of an audience group during market research. It is data about human behaviour collected from open questions that encourage descriptive answers and a market to explain their full point of view.
what does market research help with?
helping a business decide whether to continue developing an idea or product design that will be commercially successful before money has been spent on the full development and manufacturing of the product, only to find out that it will not be successful.
what are quantative interviews?
where facts and brief answers are collected which may take the form of pre-scripted questions which are read out
what are qualitative interviews?
in-depth interviews which may feature indirect or open questions based on a topic guide; this fully allow the interviewee to explain their point of view.
what is the benefit of doing quantative telephone interviews?
the results from the interview can be instantly put into a computer system for analysis, using a computer aided telephone interviewing (CATI) system
when designing products, why do anthropometrics and ergonomics need to be considered?
to ensure that the design fits the intended size of the person that it is being made for, and so that it works as intended.
how is a focus group for a product determined?
By doing an initial questionnaire to screen participants- this ensures that the focus group is made up of consumers that will likely purchase the product, and so that there is an even spread of demographics in the group to ensure the product is suitable for a variety of different people
how many participants are usually in a focus group and why is this the case?
between 5 and 10 participants- a number small enough to promote discussion yet large enough to get a range of opinions
what are anthropometry tables?
they give the standard measurements of the average human body. measurements such as height, chest and weight are shown for each standard size of the person.
what can anthropometry tables be used for?
they can be used by designers to guide decisions about dimensions of the products they are designing, so that they meet the target market requirements
