2.9- design for manufacture and project management Flashcards
(28 cards)
why is a planned approach needed to manufacture a garment?
It is needed to ensure accurate and efficient manufacture of garments- Quality Assurance and Quality control play into this and are vital procedures to ensuring products are manufactured within a budget and meet agreed standards in terms of things such as safety and quality
what will you have to ensure when dealing with a fabric with a nap such as velvet?
A fabric nap is a fabric which has a textured surface which can look and feel different depending on the direction of the pile. Due to this, the pattern pieces must all lie in the same direction when pinning and they must also be cut in the same direction to ensure uniformity across the whole garment
what is a fabric with a one-way design?
A fabric that has a pattern repeated over it continuously at regular intervals.
what must you ensure when working with a fabric with a one-way repeat design?
The pattern pieces must be pinned and cut with the patterns lying in the same direction- not doing this means that the pattern can be upside down on some pieces of the garment.
what is the effect of working with a fabric with a one-way (repeat design)
-There will be more fabric wastage as the pattern pieces all need to lay in the same direction, which means the use of the fabric may not be as efficient
-more time, energy and fabric will be used if the manufacturer would like the patterns to match up across the different seams- the manufacturer will have to plan this out, typically digitally and produce a lay plan to take seam allowances into account
what is the effect of working with a fabric with a pattern, such as stripes and checks or a repeating pattern?
The pattern on the different sections of the product should match up wherever possible e.g at the side, centre back and centre front seams. This means that the pattern pieces must be positioned along the length of the fabric to take into account the direction of the pattern. Larger repeats result in longer lengths of fabrics, which can result in significant waste.
what does Quality assurance focus on?
Quality assurance is all about managing quality through the design, manufacture and distribution process and that products are the guranateed standards as defined in the design and manufacturing specification
what is the benefit of having a garment made to the correct quality /standard?
-satisfies the customer
-reduces waste and cost as a new product as a new product will not need to be manufactured to replace a faulty product
how is quality assurance put in place?
- through following a design brief which has been written based on the appropriate research into the target markets wants and needs
-through sampling and prototyping - manufacturing specification which can provide clear instructions about product design and manufacturing, including when quality control checks should be implemented to prevent going so far into the manufacture of the garment and noticing a mistake that means the entire garment needs to be wasted
-training staff correctly
-testing machinery to make sure it is working properly
-safe working practises
-responding to customer feedback
-checking production samples against the ‘gold seal standard’
what is total quality management (TQM)?
a management system designed to improve all aspects of QA by making continual improvements to business practises, ensuring long term customer satisfaction and loyalty, and exceeded customer expectations on each order to ensure repeat purchases
who does Total Quality management involve?
it is followed by management and all employees and includes all aspects of a business- everyone is involved in constantly monitoring and evaluating each stage of production in order to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
what does Total quality management help with?
-reducing costs of wastage and defective goods
-increasing future business and customers will be confident in repeat purchases because customer expectations for quality are met
what is critical path analysis?
a management tool used to schedule the most efficient way of completing a project or process. it works out how different tasks should be sequenced in a production run to finish a process on time.
what is CPA used for?
-gaining an overview of the whole production process
-helping production departments meet schedules
-indicate how time is being spent, so that possible improvements in efficiency can be made
-manage costs, cash flow and budgets
-monitors tasks
what is the focus of a scrum?
framework put in place to encourage a teamwork approach- The focus of scrum is to encourage teamwork between those working in different parts of a business in order to find the best ways to manage quality. members of a scrum team will collaborate and discuss how they can improve QA
what does a scrum concern?
-establishing quality requirements
-finding out where problems exist and resolve these problems that could affect quality
-communicate with others not directly involved such as fabric suppliers.
-taking responsibility for improving quality
-working with other people who are not part of the immediate team to improve quality, such as suppliers of materials
what is six sigma?
a business methodology used to improve efficiency, reduce waste, ensure consistent quality and speed up production processes. There is a clear target to increase customer satisfaction and reduce costs and to develop skills and knowledge to sustain improvements
what is quality control?
an aspect of quality assurance which involves systematically checking to see if the product meets the required standard and specification.
how are quality control checks completed?
quality checks are made by testing samples of the manufactured product at intervals during the production schedule.
what are the objectives of quality control?
reducing or eliminating faults in the production and identifying any errors that are being made during production. For example, there may be defects in the sewing, construction, colour variations from dyeing or printing, sizing or garment details such as fastenings and decorative features, and loose or pulled threads or stains
what do inspectors do in quality control?
they select a random number of samples from a batch and implement quality checks to ensure the products meet the agreed standard- gold seal standard. The number of selected products depends on the level of inspection and the size of the batch
what might an inspection plan start off with?
a small sample to be carried out initially, but if defects are found then a more in-depth investigation is triggered. If the samples chosen from the batch to be checked for quality fail to meet the standard, the samples, and perhaps even the whole batch, will be send back to the manufacturer to be reworked and corrected, and the reasons for the faulty products will be traced in order to find the cause of the error in production
what are quality circles?
a group consisting of 5-10 employees who volunteer to meet regularly and discuss issues with work, and decide what changes can be made to benefit the business. They involve the employees discussing where improvements can be made within a business and manufacturing operations, and encourage employees to work together with senior management to develop and implement solutions to identified problems
what can be placed on a garment to ensure customers that the product they have purchased meets quality standards?
logos and marks can be put on product labels on packaging to assure customers they are buying a product with genuine guaranteed quality. e.g the woolmark
