2.5. Urban Policy (since 1979) Flashcards
Urban Development Corporation (UDCs) years
1979-1990s
conservative government
Why were UDCs needed?
By the late 1970s, UK cities were in catastrophic decline.
What are UDCs?
Agencies created by the government which used private sector funding to restore derelict areas
What were the aims of the UDCs?
- attract new businesses
- improve the local environment
- create jobs
- build new houses for professionals
What were UDCs criticised for?
ignoring the needs of local residents
Enterprise Zones (EZs) years
1981- present
Why were EZs needed?
Established in areas of high unemployment, aiming to attract start up companies to create jobs
How did EZs improve areas?
they reduced tax e.g. on corporations and land
by 1990, the EZs housed over 5000 companies, employing more than 125,000 people
What are the problems with EZs?
Tax reductions encouraged many existing companies to move their premises and staff to the EZs which meant a limited number of jobs were created.
What is an example of an EZ?
Merseyside Waters Enterprise Zone
What is an example of a UDC?
- London Docklands Development Corporation
- Liverpool Merseyside Development Corporation
What is the City Challenge programme?
Local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas.
City Challenge years
1991-1997
How did the City Challenge programme work?
They worked with the local community and private companies to improve the physical, economic and social environment of the area.
What is an example of a City Challenge?
Hulme City Challenge
