Liverpool Case Study

Question 1

Endogenous factors: land use

Answer 1

• Liverpool Uni and John Moore’s Uni
• Liverpool Central Station -> people commute, transport goods
• Royal Liverpool Uni hospital
• Princess Docks
• Lots of housing and apartment buildings (uni students) -> highly skilled workforce, people can easily work in the city
• Commercial zone -> multiplier effect, attracts people, develops economy

Question 2

Endogenous factors: economic characteristics

Answer 2

• Approx 50% of population are economically active, majority being full time students or full time employment
• Highest occupation group is managerial or professional jobs (29%)
• Majority of people working in tertiary or quaternary industry
• Only around 20% in primary or secondary industry
• Migration mainly for work, working age population is 93% -> develops diversity so more culture, fills more jobs

Question 3

Endogenous factors: location

Answer 3

• Ward boundaries follow the River Mersey and several different streets
• Contains the majority of the city centre - more tourism
• Located in north west England
• Lies on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary adjacent to the Irish Sea -> allows for easy access of transportation
• 9km north from Garston at the bottom of Liverpool

Question 4

Endogenous factors: built environment

Answer 4

• 19th century characterised by warehouses and merchant houses for the shipping industry
• Since 1990s, the area has undergone redevelopment to improve Liverpool’s nightlife economy
• Redevelopment led to areas of mixed land use: retail, leisure, business -> allows for industry and more goods to be imported and exported
• Hospital- allows for jobs and people can access healthcare

Question 5

Endogenous factors: physical geography

Answer 5

• River Mersey and Mersey Estuary
• Built on sandstone hills (whole of Liverpool)

Question 6

Endogenous factors: topography

Answer 6

• 70m above sea level
• Flat land in most areas

Question 7

Endogenous factors: infrastructure

Answer 7

• Green infrastructure strategy for sustainable management
• International rail links between Liverpool and Manchester rail line
• 19th century docks allow for worldwide trade -> docks are now used for social leisure like restaurants and bars
• 2 airports within a 45 minute drive
• 2 hour train journey to London

Question 8

Endogenous factors: demographic characteristics

Answer 8

• In the 2021 census, there was a population of 25,000
• 50.9% male, 49.1% female
• 93% are 18-64
• 70% of residents are born in the UK, 8.5% from the EU
• 53% have no religion, 35% are Christians -> diff religions= more diversity so more education on cultures
• 2006 pop = 15,000
• 25,000 students at Liverpool uni

Question 9

Exogenous factors: proximity to other places

Answer 9

• 34 minute train from Liverpool to Manchester Victoria
• Next to the Irish Sea
• Ferry across to Ireland and the Isle of Man

Question 10

Exogenous factors: inward investment

Answer 10

• B&M -> shoppers
• Jacob’s crackers -> employs around 500 staff and first ever Jacob’s factory in England
• Unilever - home care and personal care research
• Typhoo tea factory -16,000 tonnes every year

Question 11

Exogenous factors: tourism

Answer 11

• The Beatles Museum -> attracts lots of fans, hotels used = economic opportunities
• Docks -> good night life, bars, pubs restaurants

Question 12

Exogenous factors: migration

Answer 12

• 15.5% from Middle East and Asia in central ward
• 8.5% from EU

Question 13

Shifting flows: flows of people

Answer 13

• Between 2009 to 2015, 143,000 people moved into Liverpool from England and Wales and 154,000 people moved out
• Between the last 2 censuses (2011 and 202) population in Liverpool has increased by 4.2%
• In the centre there has been a 17% population increase
• 7.4% increase in tourism

Question 14

Shifting flows: flows of ideas and resources

Answer 14

• Albert Dock regeneration in 1980s -> by 2000s, it’s home to cultural giants such as Tate Liverpool and the Beatles Story, bars and restaurants
• European Capital of Culture in 2008
• Footballing culture
• Hosted Eurovision 2023

Question 15

Shifting flows: flows of money and investment

Answer 15

• In 2007, 60% of employment in the city was in public administration, education and health insurance
• 3 unis creates a highly skilled workforce
• Getting increasingly expensive to live in Liverpool
• TNCs such as Unilever, Amazon and Tesco
• Amazon warehouse jobs are low skilled

Question 16

External forces: Government Policies