Cardio path4

Question 1

Tamponade Finding

Answer 1

Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all four chambers

Finding: hypotension, JVD, distant heart sound, high HR, pulsus paradoxus

Question 2

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 2

Decrease in amplitude of systolic pressure >10mmHg during inspiration.

Seen in

1) severe cardiac tamponade,
2) asthma,
3) OSA,
4) pericarditis,
5) coup

Question 3

Syphilitic heart disease

Answer 3

3’ syphilis disrupts the vasa vasorum of the aorta with consequent atrophy of the vessel wall and dilation of the aorta and valve ring.

Question 4

Syphilitic heart disease finding

Answer 4

May see calcification of the aortic root and ascending aortic arch.

Lead to tree bark appearance of the aorta.

Question 5

Syphilitic heart disease consequence

Answer 5

Aneurysm of the ascending aorta or

aortic arch and aortic insufficiency.

Question 6

Cardiac tumors: types

Answer 6

1) Myxomas:
2) Rhabdomyomas:
3) metastasis from melanoma, lymphoma (most common)

Question 7

Cardiac tumors:

Myxomas

Answer 7

Most common 1’ cardiac tumor in adults
90% in atria (mostly left atrium)
Ball valve obstruction in the left atrium
(associated with multiple syncopal episodes)

Question 8

Cardiac tumors:

Rhabdomyomas

Answer 8

Most frequent 1’ cardiac tumors in children

Associated with tuberous sclerosis

Question 9

Kussmaul sign

Answer 9

increase in JVP on inspiration instead of normal decrease

Question 10

Kussmaul sign patho

Answer 10

Inspiration
negative intrathoracic pressure not transmitted to heart
Impaired filling of right ventricle
Blood backs up into vena cavae
JVD

Question 11

Kussmaul sign seen with

Answer 11

Constrictive pericarditis
Restrictive cardiomyopathies
Right atrial or ventricular tumors
Cardiac tamponade

Question 12

Raynaud’s

Answer 12

Arteriolar vasospasm due to cold temp or emotion

Raynaud’s disease: if primary (idiopathic)
Raynaud’s syndrome: if 2/2 diseases, such as
1) Mixed connective tissue disease
2) SLE
3) CREST