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AP Euro > Chapter 15: Absolutism > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Absolutism Flashcards

0
Q

Defenestration of Prague

A

Threw officials out of a seven story building

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1
Q

Fredrick IV (of the Palatinate)

A

Calvinist ruler

Formed a league of German Protestant states called the Protestant Union

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2
Q

Gustavus Adolphus

A

King of Sweden
Responsible for reviving Sweden and making it into a great Baltic power.
Led an army into Germany to defend fellow Lutherans

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3
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

Ended the war in Germany in 1648

Ensured ALL German states were allowed to determine their own religion

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4
Q

Jacques Bossuet and the Divine Right of kings

A

Wrote the book “Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture”
Said that God gave divine power to certain people who were the kings
These kings were responsible to no one but god

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5
Q

Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII

A

Was Louis chief minister, initiated policies that eventually strengthened the power of the monarchy
Eliminated military and political rights of the Huguenots but kept religion
Sent out intendants to execute the orders of central government
Put France in a great debt

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6
Q

Cardinal Mazarin

A

Succeeded Cardinal Richelieu and continued his policies

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7
Q

Louis XIV

A

Son of Louis XIII
Greatest ruler
Liked war

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8
Q

The Fronde

A

Revolt against Mazarin (2 of them)
The first ended in compromise
Second was crushed
Consisted of nobles and parliament of paris and many masses of unhappy french

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9
Q

Edict of Fontainbleau

A

Opposed Protestants and closed all their schools and churchs

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10
Q

Versailles

A

Location of the royal court
Home to the king, location of central government machinery, place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves, arena for rival aristocratic factions jostled for power.

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11
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert

A

Controller general of finances

Sought wealth through mercantilism

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12
Q

Frederick William the Great Elector

A

Laid the foundation for Prussia
Made a huge army
Made a new tax called the General War Commissariat
Exempted nobles from tax and gave them full control over their peasants in order to get them out of politics
Followed mercantilist policies

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13
Q

Hohenzollern

A

A dynasty
Ruled in several small provinces in Germany
Eventually became the large power known as Prussia

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14
Q

Peter the Great

A 
Wanted to westernize Russia
Wanted a powerful army/navy 
Reorganized government 
Created table of ranks 
Mercantilism/raised taxes
Took control of the church
Gave women more rights
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15
Q

The Great Northern War and St. Petersburg

A

This war was waged against Sweden in an attempt to gain control of the Baltic Sea, so Peter could have his trade ports
St Petersburg was a new city named after Peter and became Russian capital while he was ruling

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16
Q

The Dutch House of Orange

A

Occupied the stadholderate in most of the seven provinces and favored a development of a centralized government with themselves as monarchs

17
Q

The Stuart Dynasty

A

Came to power after Queen Elizabeth died

King James believed in divine power of kings which alienated parliment

18
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants in the Anglican church inspired by Calvinist theology

19
Q

Charles I and the English Civil War

A

Parliament and its supporters were fighting against king Charles
Parliament won first phase
Charles was killed

20
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Leader of the radical Puritans known as Independents
Lead the New Model Army to victory over Charles in the English Civil War
Lead England by military rule

21
Q

Levellers

A

Advocated advanced ideas such as freedom of speech, religious toleration, a democratic republic, annual parliaments, women’s equality, and government programs for the poor

22
Q

The Test Act

A

Specified that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices

23
Q

Charles II and the Restoration

A

Restored Anglican Church and

24
Q

James II

A

Professed catholic
Was hated by certain groups
Parliament was not happy

25
Q

The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights

A

Bill of Rights: made a system of government based in the rule of law and a freely elected parliment
Glorious Revolution: king of England declares himself catholic which isn’t tolerated. Parliament invited William of Orange to take out the King

26
Q

William and Mary

A

Ruled England but had to accept the English Bill of rights to have power

27
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Wrote the Leviathan
Stated humans used to be guided by animalistic instincts and struggle for self-preservation.
The absolute ruler possessed unlimited power
Subjects may not rebel but if the do they must be supressed

28
Q

John Locke

A

against absolute rule of one man
Wrote Two Treatises of Government
Believed humans used to live in a state of equality not war

29
Q

Mannerism

A

Created an air of anxiety, uncertainty, suffering, and a yearning for spiritual experience
Displayed figures with distorted proportion to show pain/suffering
Strong emotions

30
Q

El Greco

A

Painted by Domenikos Theotocopoulos
Had elongated and contorted figures with and eerie background of many grays
Had intense emotion

31
Q

Bernini

A

Completed St.Peters Basilica at the Vatican
Designed the colonnade enclosing the piazza
Used action,exuberance,profusion,and dramatic effects in his art

32
Q

Gentileschi

A

Female artist
First woman accepted into the Florentine Academy of Design
Was known for portraits now famed for her painting from scenes of the old testament

33
Q

Baroque

A

Reflected the search for power that was very present at the time.
Wanted to bring in religious ideas
Used many dramatic effects like lighting and shadows and colors to creat intense emotions
Constant movement

34
Q

French Classicism

A

Emphasis on clarity, simplicity, balance, and harmony of design
Portrayed things with the conception of grandeur

35
Q

Dutch Realism

A

Interested in the realistic portrayal of secular everyday life
Painted scenes and portraits

36
Q

Rembrandt van Rijn

A

Painted more introspectively

Painted biblical scenes as opposed to everyday life

37
Q

William Shakespeare

A

Dramatist that expressed the energy and intellectual versatility of the Elizabethan era
Best known for writing plays
Master of the english language

38
Q

Moliere

A

Wrote, produced, and acted in several comedies that satirized the religious and social world of his time
Protected by the king

39
Q

Miguel Cervantes

A

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AP Euro (15 decks)

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