Chapter 24: 1894-1914

Question 0

Albert Einstein

Answer 0

E= MC^2

Theory of Relativity: space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer

Question 1

Max Planck

Answer 1

Said that a heated body radiates energy irregularly in bursts called “quanta”
Quantum theory

Question 2

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 2

Glorified the Irrational
Didn’t believe in god
Hated Christianity
Wanted people to think outside the box

Question 3

Henri Bergson

Answer 3

Believed in the irrational
Thought reason was useful but couldn’t arrive at reality
Thought reality was a whole that could not be broken down and analyze but merely be experienced directly

Question 4

Sigmund Freud

Answer 4

The unconscious mind controlled a persons actions and behaviors
Psychoanalysis

Question 5

The Ego, the ID, and the Superego

Answer 5

ID : the pleasures, lusts, desires & impulses

Ego: reason, reality, the rejection of pleasure for peace

SuperEgo: morals and inhibitions imposed by society and parents

Question 6

Social Darwinism

Answer 6

Society is an evolving organism that is working based on survival of the fittest

Question 7

Herbert Spencer

Answer 7

Preached social darwinism and said that though it may seem harsh that some people are put behind or die because of struggles it is beneficial to society in weeding out the weak

Question 8

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Answer 8

Preached Volkish thought that only certain people were pure Aryans and that they must be prepared to fight “lower races” such as jews, negroes and orientals

Question 9

Ernst Renan

Answer 9

Questioned the historical accuracy of the bible and presented a very different view of jesus where he is not the son of god

Question 10

Emile Zola

Answer 10

A french naturalist writer who wrote about life in the slums and coalfields was inspired by Darwin

Question 11

Leo Tolstoy

Answer 11

Realistic Russian writer

Wrote War and Peace which was a very descriptive novel about napoleons invasion of Russia

Question 12

Impressionism

Answer 12

Paint directly what you see and feel

Question 13

Camille Pissarro

Answer 13

Founder of impressionism

sought to put into painting the effects of light on objects

Question 14

Claude Monet

Answer 14

Painter particularly enchanted with water

Question 15

Post-Impressionism

Answer 15

Same as impressionism but with an added emphasis on structure and form
Personal statement of reality

Question 16

Paul Cezanne

Answer 16

Sought to express the underlying geometric form and structure of what he painted

Question 17

Vincent Van Gogh

Answer 17

Spiritual experience in art
Loved color
Starry night

Question 18

Pablo Picasso

Answer 18

Painted in a wide variety

Started cubism

Question 19

Cubism

Answer 19

Used geometric designs as visual stimuli to recreate reality in the viewers mind

Question 20

Wassily Kandinsky

Answer 20

Founded abstract painting
Avoid representation altogether
Thought art should speak to the soul
Concentrate on color

Question 21

Abstract Expressionism

Answer 21

Color

Art should speak to the soul

Question 22

Igor Stravinsky

Answer 22

Ballet composer
Based on russian folktales
Irrational forces in his music

Question 23

Maria Montessori

Answer 23

Was an example of the "new woman"
Broke female traditions
Went to medical school and got a degree
Taught the mentally retarded
Founded a new way of teaching at the students own pace

Question 24

Alfred Dreyfus

Answer 24

A french Jew captain in the French General Staff

Convicted of selling army secrets and imprisioned on Devils Island

Question 25

Theodore Herzl

Answer 25

Wrote the book The Jewish State

Question 26

Zionism

Answer 26

Jewish Nationalist Movement

Question 27

Pan-Slavism/Slavophilism

Answer 27

Union of all the slavic people

Question 28

Racial Nationalism

Answer 28

,

Question 29

Fabian Socialism

Answer 29

Movement for laborers

Stressed the need to use the labor classes vote to get benefits for the working class

Question 30

David Lloyd George

Answer 30

Created a small welfare system

Question 31

Pan-German League

Answer 31

United germans

Question 32

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 32

Japanese mad about Russias expansion

Japan won

Question 33

“Bloody Sunday”

Answer 33

Troops massacred peaceful worker petition

Question 34

Peter Stolypin

Answer 34

Tsar’s chief advisor

Dissolved village ownership of land and opened the door to private owernship

Question 35

“White Mans Burden”

Answer 35

The necessary duty of the white men to civilize and help “ignorant brutes” in other countries

Question 36

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 36

Was prime minister of the Cape Colony in Africa
Wanted to make colonies from Cape Town to Cairo linked by a railroad
Was forced to resign when he started plotting to overthrow the Boers

Question 37

Boer War

Answer 37

Extremists from Britain and Boer territories fought

British won but helped the Boers create their own independent government

Question 38

Suez Canal

Answer 38

The British lifeline to India

Made travel and trade much much faster

Question 39

“Open Door” Policy

Answer 39

One country would not restrict the commerce of the other countries in its sphere of influence in China

Question 40

Claude Debussy

Answer 40

.

Question 41

Emeline Pankhurst

Answer 41

Womens rights activist

Used violence

Question 42

Indian National Congress

Answer 42

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Question 43

Bismarkian System

Answer 43

System of alliances to maintain peace

Question 44

Congress of Berlin

Answer 44

Decided Russia wouldn’t get a certain territory

Question 45

Triple Alliance

Answer 45

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

Question 46

Emperor William (Wilhelm) III

Answer 46

Emperor of Germany

Dismissed Bismarck

Question 47

Triple Entente

Answer 47

Britain, France and Russia

Question 48

Marie Curie

Answer 48

Scientist who discovered radiation

Question 49

Balkan Crises

Answer 49

Fight over Balkan territories

Serbs were mad