Chapter 18: Enlightened Absolutism

Question 0

Madame de Pompadour

Answer 0

Louis XV’s mistress

Intelligent, often made important government decisions and giving advice on appointments and foreign policy

Question 1

Louis XV (France)

Answer 1

Was lazy and weak, easily influenced, he was very disliked by the populace

Question 2

Louis XIV (France)

Answer 2

Left France with enlarged territories, and enormous debt, and an unhappy populace

Question 3

Marie Antoinette

Answer 3

Austrian princess
Wife of Louis XVI (bad king)
Was very focused on court activities

Question 4

George I

Answer 4

First king of the Hanoverian dynasty of England

Didn’t speak english or understand the british system of government

Question 5

“Bonnie Prince Charlie”

Answer 5

Bonnie= handsome

Its was James III’s son

Question 6

Robert Walpole

Answer 6

Was the prime minister of both George 1 and 2

Wanted a peaceful foreign policy to avoid new land taxes

Question 7

George II

Answer 7

Leader of England

In power for the first half of the second years war

Question 8

William Pitt the Elder

Answer 8

Replaced Walpole

Furthered imperial ambitions by acquiring Canada and India in the Seven Years War

Question 9

Fredrick William I (Prussia)

Answer 9

Sought to promote a highly efficient civil bureaucracy
Developed the General Directory which supervised military, police, economic and financial affairs
expanded the army a lot

Question 10

Fredrick II the Great(Prussia)

Answer 10

Enlightened ruler
Very well educated and cultured
Honest and efficient bureaucracy
Complete religious toleration, limited freedom of speech and press, lowered use of torture
Made Prussia more aristocratic by eliminating lower classes from power

Question 11

Maria Theresa

Answer 11

Empress of Austria 
Wanted to reform her country
Abolished old power and installed a department of foreign affairs, justice, war, commerce, and internal affairs 
Taxes payed to royal officials not diets
Staunch catholic

Question 12

Joseph II

Answer 12

Enlightened ruler 
Abolished serfdom 
Eliminated trade barriers 
Equality of all before the law
Complete religious toleration
Overwhelmed his empire

Question 13

Catherine II the Great(Russia)

Answer 13

Enlightened ruler
Didn’t eliminate her royal supporters though
Equality if all in the eyes of law
Divided Russia into 50 provinces
The Charter of the Nobility gave them special rights and exemptions

Question 14

Emelyn Pugachev

Answer 14

illiterate Cossack warrior
Led mass revolt
Issued manifesto that freed all peasants from taxes and military service

Question 15

War of Austrian Succession

Answer 15

War waged to gain territories bc of the vulnerability of Maria Theresa of Austria
Included Austria, Prussia, France and Britain
Ended in the Aix-la-Chapelle which returned all territories to their original owners besides Silesia

Question 16

The Diplomatic Revolution

Answer 16

Alliances changed
France sided with Austria and Russia joined the alliance
Britain joined Prussia

Question 17

Seven Years War/French and Indian War

Answer 17

Started by the diplomatic revolution
Prussia fended off forces for some time but was gradually worn down
Prussia was saved by the death of Russian tsarina Elizabeth bc her son Peter III admired Fredrick and withdrew his troops
Ended in the Peace of Hubertusburg
Prussia held onto Silesia
French and Indian war was the part of the seven years war fought by France and Britain in America

Question 18

George III

Answer 18

Wanted to strengthen monarchial authority wanted the power to wield patronage personally not by a minister

Question 19

Putting Out System/ Domestic System

Answer 19

Cottage industry
Where people were given raw resources but a corporation and worked them into a finished product from their home which was then sold for profit by the company

Question 20

The South Seas Bubble

Answer 20

Early form of a pyramid scheme

Investment scam

Question 21

Richard Arkwright

Answer 21

Invented the Water Frame that was power by horse or water and turned out yarn much faster than human spinning

Question 22

The Grand Tour

Answer 22

Formal ending aristocratic education (generally english)

Involved lots of travel