3- How to Measure Attentional Abilities?

Question 1

What is exogenous attention?

Answer 1

Automatic, involuntary focus on a salient stimulus

Question 2

How is attention captured in exogenous attention?

Answer 2

By an external salient stimulus

Question 3

How is exogenous attention controlled?

Answer 3

By something in the environment

Question 4

What is endogenous attention?

Answer 4

Intentional direction of attention to stimuli

Question 5

What is endogenous attention initiated by?

Answer 5

You the person

Question 6

Is endogenous or exogenous attention more effortful?

Answer 6

Endogenous attention

Question 7

What are we doing in endogenous attention?

Answer 7

We are deliberately trying to attract our information to different places

Question 8

What is overt attention?

Answer 8

Attention shifts accompanied with eye movement

Question 9

Why is moving our eyes helpful to attention?

Answer 9

More information gets processed when we move our eyes

Question 10

How does overt attention contribute to selective attention?

Answer 10

We are selectively attending to aspects of a scene

Question 11

What is covert attention?

Answer 11

Attention shifts without moving eyes

Question 12

What initiates covert attention?

Answer 12

You the person

Question 13

What do we do when using covert attention?

Answer 13

Choose to attend to certain things over others

Question 14

Is overt or covert attention more difficult?

Answer 14

Covert

Question 15

What was the goal of Posner’s spatial cueing task?

Answer 15

To maintain fixation

Question 16

What were the findings in Posner’s task?

Answer 16

Responses were faster for congruent than incongruent conditions

Question 17

What happened in the congruent condition?

Answer 17

The target stimulus appeared where the arrow pointed to

Question 18

What was the cue?

Answer 18

The arrow

Question 19

What is the purpose of a cue?

Answer 19

It is useful

Question 20

What does a cue help us to do?

Answer 20

React faster

Question 21

What happened in the incongruent condition?

Answer 21

Target stimulus appeared opposite to where the arrow pointed to

Question 22

How was exogenous attention involved in Posner’s task?

Answer 22

Star would trigger a response, so the response was driven by an outside stimulus

Question 23

How is endogenous attention involved in Posner’s task?

Answer 23

Attention is being directed specifically, and attention depended on how much was devoted

Question 24

Was Posner’s task overt or covert attention, and why?

Answer 24

Covert attention, because participants weren’t moving their eyes

Question 25

What is the developmental application of Posner’s task?

Answer 25

Children with ADHD have poorer performances on all trials compared to typically developing children