3. Social Affiliation and Attraction

Question 1

Baumeister & Leary published a groundbreaking paper in 1995 that proposed “Human beings have a fundamental need to f____ and m____ a m____ quantity of l____, p____ and s____ i____relationships” “We need relationships to s____ and t____”

Answer 1

form, maintain, minimum, lasting, positive, significant interpersonal
survive and thrive

Question 2

The evolutionary perspective of the need to belong:
- Early humans lived in s____ groups surrounded by a d____ environment
- Adaptive to be s____ and c____: more likely to s____, m____ and r____
- Our species evolved and became characterised by people who were c____ to others, c____ and sought a____

Answer 2

• small, difficult
• social, caring, survive, mature, reproduce
• close, caring, acceptance

Question 3

People have a f____ need for s____ c____

Answer 3

fundamental, social connection

Question 4

Four broad pieces of evidence for the fact our need to belong is fundamental human need:
1. Relationships are e____ to f____ and d____ to b____
2. Without close connections, we s____
3. Our need to belong can be s____
4. The need to belong is u____

Answer 4

1. easy, form, difficult, break
2. suffer
3. satiated
4. universal

Question 5

Social bonds being easy to form and difficult to break is supported by the fact babies instantly form a____ and we have d_____ e____ relationships.

Answer 5

attachments
difficulty ending

Question 6

Rejection hurts… it results is p____, reduced w____ and i____ functioning. In addition, lack of social network is a strong predictor of i____ and m____.

Answer 6

pain, wellbeing, intellectual
illness and mortality

Question 7

People spend less time with friends when in a r____ r____

Answer 7

romantic relationship

Question 8

P____ daily social interactions are associated with g____ l____ s____

Answer 8

Pleasant, greater life satisfaction

Question 9

The top 10% happiest people are h____ s____ and have the s____, most s____ and f____ relationships

Answer 9

highly social, strongest, satisfying, fulfilling

Question 10

In an experiment into “weak” ties, pts instructed to e____ with barista felt h____ due to a greater sense of b____

Answer 10

engage, happier, belonging

Question 11

E____ with and being k____ to others benefits w____

Answer 11

Engaging, kind, wellbeing

Question 12

Positive interactions help us recognise v____ of o____ and feel c____

Answer 12

value, others, connected

Question 13

In “weak” ties interactions, we tend to underestimate how h____ target will feel, how much people l____ us after a conversation and the p____ e____ of our kind acts and expressions of gratitude

Answer 13

happy, like, positive effects

Question 14

Evidence suggests there are benefits to interacting with a w____, d____ variety of relationships in our lives

Answer 14

wider, diverse

Question 15

Relational diversity of people’s social profile can be defined as the r____ and e____ of relationship types across one’s social interactions

Answer 15

richness and evenness

Question 16

Relational diversity captures how many d____ relationship t____ and how e____ interactions are d____ among types

Answer 16

different, types, evenly, distributed

Question 17

In a study looking at relational diversity and health and wellbeing, the researchers replicated the benefits of a____ of i____ and found b____ of relational diversity

Answer 17

amount of interactions, benefits

Question 18

Attraction can be defined as e____ another person p____.

Answer 18

evaluating, positively

Question 19

We are often attracted to people whose presence is r____

Answer 19

rewarding

Question 20

The three main forces that attract are:
1. R____
2. S____
3. F____ (P____)

Answer 20

1. Reciprocity
2. Similarity
3. Familiarity (Proximity)

Question 21

Reciprocity refers to the fact we like people w____ l____ u____

Answer 21

who like us

Question 22

We like other more after k____ t____ l____ u____. Especially when they like us s____ (not just everyone)

Answer 22

Knowing they like us
Specifically

Question 23

Similarity refers to the fact we like people who a____ l____ u____, especially when they have similar b____, i____ and share a____ and v____.

Answer 23

are like us
backgrounds, interests, attitudes, values

Question 24

We t____ other more when we are similar. We also feel a____ others will l____ us and enjoy spending t____ with similar others.

Answer 24

trust, assured, like, time

Question 25

In terms of p____, similarity doesn't really matter. Actual t____ (e.g. agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability) matter more than similarity in t____. These t____ generally make it more e____ to interact with people.

Answer 25

personality traits, traits, traits, enjoyable

Question 26

P____ similarity makes people like each other more than a____ similarity. P____ similarity increases the more relationships p____. This is why o____ o____ may see actual dissimilarities and wrongly conclude that o____ a____

Answer 26

Perceived, actual Perceived, progress Outside observers Opposites attract

Question 27

Familiarity (or proximity) refers to the people who, by c____, you s____ and i____ with the most are most likely to become f____ or r____ p____

Answer 27

chance, see, interact, friends, romantic partners

Question 28

In the MIT Housing study, 65% of the residents had at least one friend who lived in t____ o____ b____. But those living in the same building represented only __% of all residents

Answer 28

their own building 5%

Question 29

Familiarity works because: 1. We have an i____ o____ to meet people who live close to us 2. We tend to like things more after we have been r____ e____ to them and they become more f____ to us. This is called the m____ e____ effect

Answer 29

1. increased opportunity 2. repeatedly exposed, familiar, mere exposure effect