3.1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
How are tissues made?
When cells from a common embryological origin and the cellular components come together
What are organs made from?
Specialised tissues
What do organs maintain?
Homeostasis
What are the four tissue types?
Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
To form a protective barrier
Interface between two environments
Control the passage of substance (secretion, absorption and transport)
What are structures of epithelial tissue?
Highly cellular
Avascular (few/no bloody vessels)
Polar appearance
Attachment (basement membrane)
What is the function of the basement membrane?
Attachment (glue epithelium to connective tissue, vital for sustenance of epithelium)
Semipermeable filter (controls exchange of nutrients and waste products, barrier to large molecules)
Limit tissue regions (separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue)
What is the structure of the basement membrane?
20 to 100 nm thick
Fine granular fibrous proteins and glycans
Fused basal and reticular lamina
Interface between epithelial cells and connective tissue
What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?
Simple has one layer
Stratified has more than one layer
What are the three cell shapes?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
What are glandular epithelium?
Cells that produce a secretion
What are surface epithelium?
Covers and lines all natural surfaces of the body
What are the features of simple squamous epithelium - endothelium?
- Structure is thin, smooth continuous lining
- Function is extensive diffusion and facilitation of flow
- Location is cardiovascular and lymphatic vessel lining
What are features of simple squamous epithelium-Mesothelium?
- structure is thin squamous lubricating cells supported by dense connective tissue
- Function is protection and support of moment
- Location is the lining of organs and body cavities (pleura, peritoneum)
What are features of simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Structure is large cells and spherical nuclei
- Function is protection and absorption/secretion
- Location is lining of kidney tubules small ducts and saliva glands and the liver
What are features of simple columnar epithelium?
- structure is tall cells and microvilli (increase surface area)
- function is absorption
- Location is stomach intestines and fallopian tubes
What are features of stratified squamous non-keratinised?
- Structure is nucleated squamous cells and superficial layers with upper layers protect the underlying tissues
- Function is protection
- Location are moist surfaces where tubular systems open to the outside like the lining of the mouth, oesophagus upper nostrils, anus and vagina
What are features of stratified squamous keratinized?
- structure is anucleate cells in superficial layers, characterised surface, tough resistant to tearing
- Function is protective impermeable layer
- Location is skin
What are features of respiratory epithelium?
- structure is pseudostratified appearance, columnar and ciliated and goblet cells (mucus secreting)
- function is air filtration
- Location is lions respiratory tract (nasal passages and bronchi)
What is the role of the mucociliary-escalator?
Traps and export pathogens and dust
What are features of transitional epithelium?
- Structure is a stretched appearance as stratified squamous and relaxed appears a stratified cuboidal
- Function is osmotic barrier and allows for contraction and expansion
- Location is ureters and bladder lining
What are epithelial glands?
Glandular cells within an epithelial surface (goblet cells in the epithelium).
What are exocrine glands?
Secrete material via a duct into the lumen of an organ or onto the free surface of the epithelium.
