9.3

Question 1

What can stimulate hormone releases?

Answer 1

• hormonal (stimulation from other hormones)
• Neural (stimulation from nerve fibres)
• Humoral (level of substances in the blood)

Question 2

What are patterns seen in hormone secretion?

Answer 2

• episodic (in response to stimulus)
• pulses during day/night
• circadian
• monthly
• seasonal (not typical in humans)

Question 3

What is the process of simple endocrine reflex?

Answer 3

Stimulus —> receptor to endocrine cells —> hormones —> target cell —> response

Question 4

What is the process of neuroendcrine reflexes?

Answer 4

Stimulus —> receptor —> afferent neuron —> neuro-transmitter -> efferent neuron —> nuerohormone —> blood vessel —> target cell—> response

Question 5

How is hormone secretion regulated?

Answer 5

Negative feedback and positive feedback

Question 6

What is the difference between a negative and positive feedback loop?

Answer 6

Negative reduces or shuts down the original stimulus
Positive enhances or increases the original stimulus

Question 7

What factors influence hormones levels in blood?

Answer 7

• endocrine gland
• plasma
• target cells
• metabolism
• excretion in urine