8.1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are features of the brain?
Cerebrum (outer surface of the brain)
Cerebral hemispheres (divided by the midline)
Sulci (furrows)
Gyri (hills)
Cerebellum
Brain stem
What is the spinal cord?
Cylinder nervous tissue
Connecting the brain and the PNS
Enclosed in the vertebral canal/column
Brain stem to lumbar region
1mm in diameter
What is the grey matter of the brain?
Cerebral cortex (outside border 2-4mm)
Comprised of cell bodies (basal ganglia)
Unmyelinated axons
What are basal ganglia?
Collection of cells
- clusters of nerve cell bodies
- nuclei (CNS)
- ganglia (PNS)
What is the role of Basal ganglia?
Voluntary motor control
Cognitive functions
Emotional functions
Habitual behaviour
What is the white matter of the brain?
Connects left and right hemispheres
Comprised of myelinated axons
- association fibres (connecting lobes)
- commissural fibres (connecting hemispheres)
- projection fibres (connecting cortex and spinal cord)
What are corpus callous in the white matter of the brain?
Commissural fibre
- connects left and right hemispheres Comprised
Provides a pathway for communication
Contains 200 million axons
5 billion nerve impulses per second
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobes
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Personality, thinking, planning, organising, problem solving, emotions, behavioural control, decision making
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Memory, understanding language, facial recognition, hearing, vision, speech, emotion
What is the function for the parietal lobe?
Perception, object classification, spelling, arithmetic, visuospatial processing.
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision, visual processing, colour identification
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Gross and fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, balance
What is the function of the brain stem?
Regulated body temp, heart rate, swallowing, breathing
What are the three functional areas of the cerebrum?
Sensory areas (receive and process sensory info)
Motor area (initiate and contrail motor movements)
Association areas (perform functions related to either sensory or motor areas
What are the Sagittal sections of the brain?
Forebrain (telencephalon, diencephalon)
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (metencephalon, myelencephalon)
What is the lambic system of the brain?
Central underside of the cerebrum
Emotion nervous system
Important for memory, motivation, learning and emotion
What does the lambic system do and what is it comprised of?
Acts on the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system
Comprised of the hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum and basal ganglia
What is the role of the thalamus?
Relays sensory information to the cerebrum
Special sensation/arousal
What does the hypothalamus do?
Connects nervous sand endocrine systems
Control autonomic NS (heart rate, blood pressure, body temp and circadian cycle)
What is the role of the hippocampus?
Seahorse shaped
Memory storage and retrieval (consolidation of short and long term memories)
Neurons particularly sensitive to injury
What is the role of the amygdala?
Almond shape cluster of neurons
Memory, decision making
Fear
What is the midbrain?
Connection point (for brain and hindbrain)
What is the pons?
Relay station (forebrain to the cerebellum)
Controls respiration, sleep, swallowing, taste, bladder control, hearing.
