3.1

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

study of the microscopic appearance, organization, and function of tissues

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of tissues

Answer 2

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Neural

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

forms covering and linings

Question 4

Epithelial tissue examples

Answer 4

• superficial skin
• mouth and noise linings

Question 5

Connective tissue

Answer 5

binds together tissues for support and protection

Question 6

Connective tissue examples

Answer 6

-deep skin layers
-bone
-blood

Question 7

Muscle tissue

Answer 7

specialized for contraction

Question 8

Nervous tissue

Answer 8

specialized for electrical communication

Question 9

Epithelial tissues are those found forming…

Answer 9

-Body surface coverings (superficial skin)
- Cavity linings (abdomen)
- Inside hollow organs (intestines)

Question 10

Are epithelial tissues avascular or vascular

Answer 10

avascular

Question 11

avascular

Answer 11

does not contain blood vessels

Question 12

Apical surface

Answer 12

free surface open to the outside of the body or to the inside of the organ

Question 13

Basement membrane location

Answer 13

at the deep surface of a cell

Question 14

Are connective tissues avascular or vascular

Answer 14

vascular

Question 15

How does epithelial tissue receive its nutrients and release wastes

Answer 15

From the blood vessels in underlying connective tissue

Question 16

how does movement of nutrients and waste occurs between epithelial and connective tissues

Answer 16

by diffusion

Question 17

epithelial tissue frequently found in areas that have ____ levels wear and tear

Answer 17

high

Question 18

How often does epithelial cells divide

Answer 18

frequently and rapidly

Question 19

shapes of epithelial cells

Answer 19

-squamous
-cuboidal
-columnar

Question 20

what does squamous cells look like

Answer 20

flat

Question 21

what does cuboidal cells look like

Answer 21

cube shape, nuclei are typically centrally located within the cell

Question 22

columnar cells

Answer 22

rectangular and nuclei are typically located near the basement membrane

Question 23

simple tissues have how many layers

Answer 23

1

Question 24

where are simple tissues found

Answer 24

in areas where absorption is important and wear and tear pressures are low (example kidney tubules)

Question 25

how man layers does stratified tissues have

Answer 25

at least two layers

Question 26

where are stratified tissues found

Answer 26

in areas wear and tear is common (example skin)

Question 27

describe simple squamous tissues - how many layers? - are they thick or thin? - ability to handle wear and tear?

Answer 27

- 1 layer of flat cells - thin and delicate -easily damaged

Question 28

where are simple squamous tissues found and what are examples of them

Answer 28

- found at internal sites of diffusion and filtration -alveoli of the lungs and in capillaries

Question 29

describe stratified squamous tissues - how many layers? - are they thick or thin? - ability to handle wear and tear

Answer 29

-several layers of flat cells -thick tissue -able to handle wear and tear

Question 30

where are stratified squamous tissues found and what are examples of them

Answer 30

- found in areas where old cell layers slough off and are replaced by new cell layers growing from beneath - skin, mouth, anus, esophagus

Question 31

describe simple cuboidal tissues - how many layers? - are they thick or thin? - ability to handle wear and tear?

Answer 31

-1 layer - thin but not as delicate as squamous cells

Question 32

where are simple cuboidal tissues found and what are examples of them

Answer 32

- found in glands and areas of secretion and absorptions - kidney tubules, thyroid gland follicles

Question 33

describe stratified cuboidal tissues - how many layers? - are they thick or thin? - ability to handle wear and tear?

Answer 33

-several layers -thick - more durable then simple tissues

Question 34

where are stratified cuboidal tissues found and what are examples of them

Answer 34

-found in glands that endure a higher level of wear and tear - mammary, sweat, and salivary glands

Question 35

describe simple columnar tissues - how many layers -location

Answer 35

- 1 layer - located lining the stomach, intestines, and uterus

Question 36

simple columnar tissues function

Answer 36

cell may be ciliated to move fluids across the surface or have microvilli to increase surface area for absorption

Question 37

Goblet cells

Answer 37

-looks like a wine glass - a type of simple columnar tissues -secretes mucus

Question 38

Stratified columnar tissues -how many layers -what shape - where it is found

Answer 38

-several layers -rectangular cells -found mainly in the male urethra and lining the ducts of larger glands such as sweat glands

Question 39

what is a rare tissue

Answer 39

stratified columnar

Question 40

Pseudostratifed tissues

Answer 40

- appears to be stratified but all the cells attach to the basement membrane -cells are unevenly shaped and appear to overlap one another - found primarily lining the respiratory passages

Question 41

Transitional tissue -shape -where is it found - examples

Answer 41

- cells are cubed shaped but flatten when stretched -found mainly in tissues that endure repetitive stretching and relaxing -urinary bladder, ureters, and upper urethra

Question 42

What cells form covering and lining though the body

Answer 42

epithelial

Question 43

what cells are anchored by a membrane to underlying connective tissue

Answer 43

epithelial

Question 44

what glands are in epithelial tissue

Answer 44

Endocrine and exocrine glands

Question 45

Endocrine glands

Answer 45

release their products into the blood or interstitial fluid

Question 46

Exocrine glands

Answer 46

release their products onto exterior surfaces such as the skin or gastrointestinal chambers

Question 47

what are the 3 main types of exocrine glands

Answer 47

- merocrine - apocrine - holocrine

Question 48

Merocrine gland -how does it release products - where are some places its located

Answer 48

- release products by exocytosis from secretory vesicles -mucous membranes of the mother and respiratory system

Question 49

Apocrine glands -how does it secrete - where is it located

Answer 49

-release their secretions as a portion of a whole cell - milk production and release from mammary glands utilizes apocrine glands

Question 50

Holocrine glands - secretions? - example

Answer 50

-the entire cel packs with secretions then bursts and dies when the products are released -skin oils released at hair follicles come from holocrine glands

Question 51

Three main types of junctions

Answer 51

-tight junctions -anchoring junctions -Gap junctions

Question 52

Tight junctions

Answer 52

use locking proteins to fuse the cell membranes of adjacent cells to prevent leakage between cells (like a quilt)

Question 53

where might you find tight junctions

Answer 53

epithlial cells of the small intestine

Question 54

Anchoring junctions

Answer 54

provide strength but also allow movement in areas where resistance to stretching and tearing is required

Question 55

where are anchoring junctions found

Answer 55

in skin

Question 56

Desmosomes

Answer 56

spot weld membranes together by cell adhesion molecules call cadherins

Question 57

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 57

- look like half of a desmosome - anchor under lying tissues using integrin cell adhesion molecules

Question 58

Adherens

Answer 58

tight junctions that anchor their cell adhesion molecules, either cadherin or intergrin, to actin

Question 59

Gap junctions

Answer 59

-use proteins to connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells -allows for chemical communication

Question 60

where can you find gap junctions

Answer 60

Cardiac muscle