3.1.1.2 Cardiovascular system

Question 1

cardiovascular system consists of

Answer 1

• heart
• blood
• blood vessels

-there are adaptations that occur to make CV system more efficient

Question 2

endurance/games player needs efficient CV system

Answer 2

-deliver O2 and nutrients to muscles and remove waste products

Question 3

pathway of blood

Answer 3

inferior and superior vena cava 
right atrium 
tricuspid valve 
right ventricle 
pulmonic valve 
pulmonary artery 
LUNGS 

pulmonary vein 
left atrium 
mitral/bicuspid valve
left ventricle 
aortic valve/semi lunar valve 
aorta 
BODY

atria= receiving chambers 
ventricles = discharging chambers

Question 4

cardiac output

Answer 4

amount of blood ejected from heart per minute (l/min)

Question 5

heart rate

Answer 5

number of times heart beats in a minute (bpm)

Question 6

stroke volume

Answer 6

amount of blood ejected from heart per beat (ml)

Question 7

cardiac output equation

Answer 7

heart rate x stroke volume

Question 8

heart valves

Answer 8

• 4, 1 way valves situated in heart
• prevent back flow of blood in chambers
• 1 direction
• bicuspid and tricuspid valves = atrioventricular valves
• semilunar valves = pocket shaped located at base of arteries responsible for transporting blood away from heart, prevent back flow from arteries to ventricles

Question 9

cardiac cycle

Answer 9

-consists of diastole and systole

Question 10

diastole

Answer 10

filling
-period when ventricles and atria are relaxed allowing blood to flow into them

1. atria relax = blood flow into them, atrioventricular valves are shut at this point = prevent blood flow into ventricles
2. pressure builds in atria, atrioventricular valves open blood flows into relaxed ventricles doesn’t flow into aorta or pulmonary artery due to semi lunar valves

Question 11

systole

Answer 11

pumping
period when ventricles and atria are contracting allowing blood to flow out of the heart

1. atria contract allows remaining blood to flow into the ventricles
2. ventricles contract which raises blood pressure and forces open semilunar valves, allows blood to be forced out of aorta to body and the pulmonary artery to lungs

Question 12

semi lunar valves

Answer 12

at the bases of the large vessels leaving the ventriclesventricles relax, semilunar valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles.

Question 13

atrioventricular valves

Answer 13

valves between the atria and ventricles

Question 14

1. atrial diastole:

2. atrial systole:

Answer 14

• all heart muscles relax, blood return to atria
• atrias relaxe allowing blood to flow into from veno cava
• AV valves shut (all valves)
• blood goes through open AV valve as atria contract
• forces blood down into ventricles

Question 15

3. ventricular systole

4. ventricular diastole

Answer 15

• blood is ejected out of heart
• ventricles contract
• semi lunar valves open
• blood passing to arteries
• all heart muscles relax
• all valves closed
• blood returns to aorta

Question 16

cardiac cycle

Answer 16

describes flow of blood through the heart contracting and relaxing of muscles

Question 17

what the heart transports& function

Answer 17

nutrients 
O2 
waste 
heat 
hormones 
immune cells

• powers entire circulatory system
• in the centre
• hearts concern = maintain pressure by generating high hydrostatic pressure pump blood out and creates low pressure to bring back in

Question 18

heart valves definitions

Answer 18

1. tricuspid valves = R atrium R ventricle
2. pulmonary semilunar valve = R ventricle and pulmonary artery = blood flow from heart - lungs
3. mitral valves/bicuspid valve = L atrium L ventricle
4. aortic semilunar valve = L ventricle and aorta = carries blood to rest of body

Question 19

cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 19

thickening of muscular wall of heart so it becomes bigger/stronger
-also mean a larger ventricular cavity

Question 20

bradycardia

Answer 20

decrease in resting HR to below 60bpm

Question 21

innervate

Answer 21

supply organ or body part with nerves