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A Level PE Section 3.1.1 Applied Anatomy and Physiology > 3.1.1.6 Energy Systems (EPOC, FAST/SLOW COMPONENT ETC) > Flashcards

3.1.1.6 Energy Systems (EPOC, FAST/SLOW COMPONENT ETC) Flashcards

1
Q

OBLA

A

onset of blood lactate accumulation
suppress performance
-level of training and lies at 4mmol
% of VO2 max

-measures anaerobic/lactic-aerobic threshold

trained = OBLA at higher intensities & values of VO2 max

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2
Q

power output from trained/untrained people

A 
peak= CK break down quicker = threshold = PC stores 
delay threshold ( ATP-PC to lactic acid ) trained
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3
Q

VO2 max

A

maximum amount of O2 you take in & consume in 1 minute
(graph looks like a stair case)
increases proportionally to work intensity (until max)

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4
Q

steady state

A

-energy supply meets energy demand

demand of body for oxygen is balanced exactly by O2 uptake

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5
Q

fast component/alactacid component

fast replenishment stage

A
  • 3 mins of exercise ending
  • 10% of EPOC
  • restoration of PC and ATP and muscle phosphates
  • rapid (120s till full restoration) 30s = 50% PC
  • 2-4 litres of oxygen
  • restoration of ox-myoglobin
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6
Q

Muscle Myoglobin

A
  • haemoglobin in muscles
  • iron protein molecule in skeletal muscle
  • storage site of O2 & carrier (blood-muscle)
  • greater affinity for O2
  • high intensity
  • myoglobin reoxygenated in 2 mins
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7
Q

Recovery process

A
  • interval training
  • short interval = level of phosphagen stores gradually reduce

-process = relatively slow (full recovery 1 hr)
-larger amounts of LA = produced in high intensity
(15-20 times resting value of 1-2 mol litre)

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8
Q

3 effects of training on alactacid component

A

1-increase ATP/PC stores in muscle cells, increase in CK
2-ability to provide O2
3-size of alactic component

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9
Q

Slow component:

A

-can take up to 24 hrs and involves

  1. Lactate removal
  2. Ventilation
  3. Circulation
  4. Body temp
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10
Q

4 ways of Lactate removal/Fate of lactic acid

A
  1. pyruvic acid = oxidised = re enter Kreb cycle
  2. converted to glucose/glycogen (cori cycle)
  3. converted to protein
  4. sweat/urine
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11
Q

buffering

A

process that aids removal of lactate & maintains acidity level in blood & muscle

Hydrogen ion increases - intense exercise = haemoglobinic acid

  • blood buffer = chemical substance, resists abrupt changes in hydrogen ion concentration
  • hydrogen ion reacts with oxyhemoglobin = haemoglobinic acid
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12
Q

effects of cool down on lactic acid removal &;alactacid oxygen recovery:

A

-cool-down = oxygen skeletal muscle = oxidation of LA
= less muscle soreness

  • high intensity = up to 60s = lactic acid
  • process begins to restore muscle and liver glycogen
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13
Q

recovery of body stores

A
  • restore muscle glycogen stores
  • short/high intensity = up to 2hrs
  • prolonged low intensity = take days
  • high carbohydrates diet speeds up
  • athlete restore stores ASAP activity (20min carb window)
    e. g. high CHO loaded drink immediately following exercise
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14
Q

Exercise intensity and implication

A
  1. warm up
  2. eating correct foods
  3. strategies
  4. training aerobically = increase anaerobic threshold = reduce l.a training anaerobic = increase ATP &PC =reduce recovery
  5. work recovery ratio
  6. cooling
  7. cool down
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15
Q

6 Factors affecting rate of lactate accumulation:

A
  1. Exercise intensity
  2. Muscle fibre types
  3. rate of blood lactate removal
  4. respiratory exchange ratio
  5. fitness of performer
  6. mitochondria myoglobin &capillary density
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16
Q

sub maximal oxygen consumption

A

energy = anaerobically

  • satisfy increase in demand for energy
  • until circulatory system and mitochondria can cope

(maximal = anaerobic capacity)

17
Q

7 factors affecting/contributing to VO2 max/aerobic power

A
  1. Training status
  2. Genetic
  3. Age
  4. Gender
  5. Body composition
  6. Lifestyle
  7. Physiological make up
18
Q

9 Adaptations produced by aerobic training:

A
  1. cardiac hypertrophy
  2. no. of RBC
  3. increase capillary density
  4. muscle mass & body fat % decrease
  5. hypertrophy of slow twitch fibres
  6. CV and pulmonary system = efficient
  7. efficiency of alveoli
  8. myoglobin & mitochondria in muscle cells
  9. aerobic enzymes produced
19
Q

energy continuum

A

describe which type of energy system used for different types of physical activity/sport
contribution of system depends on intensity/duration

20
Q

oxygen consumption

A

amount of oxygen used to produce ATP

21
Q

submaximal oxygen deficit

A

not enough available oxygen at start of exercise to provide all energy (ATP) aerobically

22
Q

EPOC

A

amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above which would have been consumed at rest during same time

A Level PE Section 3.1.1 Applied Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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