3.1.4 Language areas Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system?
Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic).
What is the role of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?
It is involved in the spinal reflex.
What are the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex?
- Frontal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
Where does language processing occur in the brain?
Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, and Geschwind’s territory.
What areas are responsible for voluntary movement coordination?
- Primary motor cortex
- Cerebellum
- Basal ganglia
Where are emotions processed in the brain?
- Limbic system
- Amygdala
- Prefrontal cortex
What are the two types of neurotransmitters?
- Excitatory
- Inhibitory
What neurotransmitters are referenced in the context of excitatory and inhibitory functions?
- Glutamate (Glu)
- Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
What are the key neurotransmitters associated with physical and psychological functions?
- Acetylcholine
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
What is aphasia?
The impairment of language caused by damage to the brain.
What is Broca’s aphasia characterized by?
- Difficulty expressing via written or spoken means
- Non-fluent, slow, effortful speech
- Understanding of language mostly unaffected
What is Wernicke’s aphasia characterized by?
- Fluent speech that does not make sense
- Difficulty understanding spoken and written language
- Unawareness of language difficulties
What is Geschwind’s territory responsible for?
It provides a connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area via a bundle of nerve fibers.
What is the primary function of Broca’s area?
Coordination (production) of speech.
What is the primary function of Wernicke’s area?
Reception, interpretation, and creation of grammatically correct speech.
True or False: Broca’s aphasia affects intelligence.
False.
Fill in the blank: The connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area is called _______.
arcuate fasciculus.
What are the characteristics of speech in Broca’s aphasia?
- Non-fluent
- Slow
- Effortful
- Long pauses
What type of language difficulties do individuals with Wernicke’s aphasia exhibit?
They produce meaningless fluent sentences, known as ‘word salad.’
What is the age range when first words are typically spoken?
10 to 14 months, but may occur as early as 9 months.
What is the primary role of the primary motor cortex?
It is involved in the coordination of voluntary movements.
