3.1.5 Voluntary movement Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the three main structures of the brain involved in language?
Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, Geschwind’s territory
These structures are critical for language processing and production.
What is the primary responsibility of the left hemisphere in language?
Language processing
The left hemisphere is primarily responsible for language functions.
What type of aphasia is characterized by difficulty understanding written and spoken language?
Wernicke’s Aphasia
This type of aphasia occurs due to damage in Wernicke’s area.
What does aphasia refer to?
Impairment of language caused by damage to the brain
Aphasia can affect speaking, understanding, reading, and writing.
What are the two main components of the human nervous system?
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic systems.
What is the role of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?
Transmits signals between the brain and the body; mediates spinal reflexes
The spinal cord is crucial for reflex actions and communication within the nervous system.
Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.
- Frontal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
Each lobe has specific functions related to processing sensory information, movement, and higher cognitive functions.
Where does language processing occur in the brain?
Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, Geschwind’s territory
These areas are essential for understanding and producing language.
What structures coordinate voluntary movement?
Primary motor cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia
These structures work together to facilitate smooth and controlled bodily movements.
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Enables voluntary movement by gathering information and channeling it to the motor cortex
It also helps to block movements that may not suit the intended goal.
What is the role of the cerebellum in movement?
Stores sequences of learned movements and coordinates information about movements
The cerebellum ensures that movements are smooth and well-sequenced.
What does the primary motor cortex do?
Activates neural impulses that initiate voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
It is crucial for executing planned voluntary movements.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for the understanding of written and spoken language.
Wernicke’s area
Damage to Wernicke’s area can lead to difficulties in language comprehension.
True or False: The left hemisphere is solely responsible for all language functions.
False
While the left hemisphere is dominant for language, some functions can also be lateralized to the right hemisphere.
What is the significance of lateralization in the brain?
Some neural activities occur predominantly in one hemisphere
This includes functions like language and certain cognitive processes.
What neurotransmitter is associated with excitatory functions?
Glutamate
Glutamate plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
What is the function of GABA?
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA helps to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.
Compare the functions of dopamine and serotonin.
- Dopamine: involved in reward and motivation
- Serotonin: regulates mood and emotional balance
Both neurotransmitters play important roles in mood regulation and cognitive functions.
What impact does Parkinson’s disease have on neurotransmitter function?
It results in a deficiency of dopamine
This deficiency leads to motor control issues characteristic of Parkinson’s disease.
What cognitive disorders are associated with the basal ganglia?
Various cognitive disorders
The basal ganglia are implicated in disorders such as ADHD, OCD, and others affecting cognitive function.
