3.2

Question 1

archipelago

Answer 1

A group of islands.

Question 2

basalt

Answer 2

Igneous rock that forms when lava from a volcanic eruption cools quickly.

Question 3

convection current

Answer 3

Flow of molten rock inside the Earth.

Question 4

crater pipe

Answer 4

Central tube that connects the magma chamber of a volcano with the crater.

Question 5

Earth’s mantle

Answer 5

Layer between the Earth’s crust and the Earth’s core.

Question 6

effusive eruption

Answer 6

Quiet volcanic eruption.

Question 7

explosive eruption

Answer 7

Violent volcanic eruption.

Question 8

granite

Answer 8

Igneous rock that forms when lava from a volcanic eruption cools quickly.

Question 9

hotspot

Answer 9

Place on the Earth’s surface where a mantle plume has broken through the Earth’s crust.

Question 10

igneous rock

Answer 10

Rock that forms when lava or magma cools

Question 11

mantle plume

Answer 11

Magma that rises from a specific place in the Earth’s mantle.

Question 12

plate

Answer 12

Piece of the Earth’s crust. Also called a slab.

Question 13

pyroclastic flow

Answer 13

Hot gases that rush down the slopes of a volcano at high speed during an eruption.

Question 14

stratovolcano

Answer 14

Type of volcano with steep slopes, consisting of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.

Question 15

subduction

Answer 15

Movement that occurs when an oceanic plate moves under a continental plate.

Question 16

caldera volcano

Answer 16

Volcano with an enormous crater which formed when the roof of an empty magma chamber collapsed after an eruption.

Question 17

Earth’s core

Answer 17

The very hot centre of the Earth (inner and outer core).

Question 18

hotspot

Answer 18

Place on the Earth’s surface where a mantle plume has broken through the Earth’s crust.

Question 19

metamorphic rock

Answer 19

Rock that has acquired other characteristics after exposure to high pressure or high temperatures.

Question 20

rock cycle

Answer 20

Process in which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again by weathering, erosion and sedimentation.

Question 21

sedimentary rock

Answer 21

Rock formed from material that is left behind by ice, water or wind.