Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester Three > IIH L09-L12 B cell block > Flashcards

IIH L09-L12 B cell block Flashcards

1
Q

How do TCRs recognise antigens? L09

A

Only short peptide sequences, only recognised on MHCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do BCRs recognise antigens? L09

A

Whole antigen, plasma cells secrete antibodies/immunoglobulins to produce a soluble antigen receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are MHC class I found? L09

A

All nucleated cells except neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of protein do MHC class I recognise? L09

A

Endogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells recognise MHC class I’s? L09

A

Cytotoxic T cells which express CD8 on their surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does TAP protein do? L09

A

Controls peptides entering the endoplasmic reticulum, only in MHC I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two proteins that assist the folding of the MHC I? L09

A

Calnexin and calreticulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What protein retains a pool of MHC in the ER? L09

A

Tapasin; it binds MHC I to TAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are MHC class II found? L09

A

On antigen-presenting cells (DCs, macrophages, and B cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of protein do MHC class II recognise? L09

A

Exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cells recognise MHC class II’s? L09

A

T helper cells which express CD4 on their surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What protects the groove of MHC II from picking up peptides? L09

A

The invariant chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What catalyses the antigenic peptide being inserted into the groove of MHC II? L09

A

HLA-DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are fully developed B cells called? L09

A

Plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of a signalling molecule found on the surface of a B cell? L09

A

CD19, CD79, CD21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the TCR composed of? L09

A

Two non-identical Ig-domain polypeptide chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the signalling molecule and TCR complex? L09

A

CD3 complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is somatic recombination? L09

A

Unique mechanism of genetic recombination that results in a highly diverse range of immunoglobulins and TCRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the names of the four gene segments that make up the genes for immunoglobulins? L09

A

Variable (V)
Diversity (D)
Joining (J)
Constant (C)

20
Q

What are the two enzymes required for somatic recombination? L09

A

RAG-1 and RAG-2

21
Q

Which region of the immunoglobulin is affected by somatic hypermutation? L09

A

Variable region; how you develop high affinity antibodies to antigen in germinal centres

22
Q

Which region of the immunoglobulin is affected by class switching? L09

A

Constant region; different classes of immunoglobulin have different effector functions, so a change allows different effector actions against the same antigen

23
Q

What is an antigen? L10

A

Molecules that induce an immune response through the activation of antigen specific B/T cells

24
Q

What is an epitope? L10

A

The molecular structure recognised by the binding site of an antibody or TCR

25
Q

What are the five classes of Ig? L10

A

M, A, G, D, E

26
Q

Which immunoglobulin can pass through the placenta? L10

A

IgG

27
Q

Which immunoglobulin is pentameric? L10

A

IgM

28
Q

Which immunoglobulin mediates type I hypersensitivity? L10

A

IgE

29
Q

Which immunoglobulin is in breast milk? L10

A

IgA

30
Q

In the spleen, how do lymphocytes enter the secondary lymphoid tissue? L12

A

Through the walls of the marginal zone blood sinusoids

31
Q

In tissues (excluding the spleen), how do lymphocytes enter the secondary lymphoid tissue? L12

A

Through high endothelial venules (afferent lymphatics)

32
Q

How do lymphocytes leave the spleen if they do not encounter an antigen? L12

A

Through the red-pulp blood sinusoids

33
Q

How do lymphocytes leave the tissues (excluding spleen) if they do not encounter an antigen? L12

A

Through efferent lymphatics

34
Q

Where do B cells migrate to in secondary lymphoid tissue? L12

A

Follicles

35
Q

What is T-cell priming? L12

A

Antigen-specific activation of naive CD4+ T helper cells at the surface of dendritic cells

36
Q

Where do B-blasts differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells? L12

A

Medullary cords

37
Q

What type of antibodies are produced in germinal centres? L12

A

High affinity, class switched antibodies (IgM to IgA/IgG)

38
Q

What is affinity maturation? L12

A

Process by which B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for antigen during the course of an immune response

39
Q

What is an MHC I molecule made up of? L09

A

3 alpha subunits (expressed on chromosome 6), and 1 beta microglobulin subunit (expressed on chromosome 15)

40
Q

What is an MHC II molecule made up of? L09

A

2 alpha subunits and 2 beta subunits (all expressed on chromosome 6)

41
Q

State the lengths of peptide that normally bind MHC I?

A

8-10 residues

42
Q

State the lengths of peptide that normally bind MHC II?

A

15-25 residues

43
Q

Two examples of how NK cells can recognise virally infected cells?

A

CD16 (= FcγRIII)

ADCC

44
Q

Cytokine that is released from somatic cells and limits the spread of the virus?

A

IFNalpha

45
Q

Two cytokines that Th1 CD4+ T cells secrete to stimuate macrophages to clear their intracellular pathogens?

A

IFNγ

TNFα

46
Q

Name three intracellular bacterial pathogens.

A

Mycobacteria
Salmonella
Listeria

47
Q

How many antibodies can one B cell produce?

A

10^5

Semester Three (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions