3.2.2.2: The nature and importance of places

Question 1

Define place and give a developed way of describing it

Answer 1

A location with meaning

Place is a multidimensional concept

Question 2

Define sense of place

Answer 2

The emotional meaning a person has attached to a place which is subjective

Question 3

What is a major factor in the changing nature of place ?

Answer 3

Globalisation which produces homogenized places with placelessness

Question 4

What is a major importance of place for people ?

Answer 4

Development of an identity

Question 5

What are the 2 perspectives on place ?

Answer 5

Insider and outsider

Question 6

What is the example used for how insider and outsider perspectives can change ?

Answer 6

Windrush generation initially experienced racism and conflict in London as outsiders but now there is a large Afro-Caribbean population in Brixton which form an essential part of society (insiders)

Question 7

What are the categories of place ?

Answer 7

Near, Far, Experienced and media

Question 8

What is causing the links between the categories of place to blur ?

Answer 8

Globalisation

Question 9

What can importance of place to people be linked to in exams ?

Answer 9

Local, regional and national scales

Question 10

What are the factors contributing to the character of a place ?

Answer 10

Exogenous and endogenous factors

Question 11

Define endogenous factors

Answer 11

Internal factors which shape a place’s character

Question 12

What can endogenous factors be classed into ?

Answer 12

Physical and human

Question 13

What are the physical endogenous factors ?

Answer 13

Location, topography and physical geography

Question 14

What are the human endogenous factors ?

Answer 14

Land use, built environment + infrastructure, demographic and economic characteristics

Question 15

Define exogenous factors

Answer 15

External forces or agencies which shape a place’s character including relationships to other places and flows in and out of a place

Question 16

Give examples of endogenous factors

Answer 16

• Flows of people, money, resources and ideas
• Relative location to other places
• Tourism
• Migration
• Flows of investment leading to regeneration
• Ideas from globalisation

Question 17

Give the exogenous migration stat

Answer 17

27% of Birmingham is of Asian descent

Question 18

Give the flow of investment case study ?

Answer 18

Japanese manufacturer Nissan factory in Sunderland

Question 19

What are the 3 place theories ?

Answer 19

• Yi-Fu Tuan on topophilia
• Doreen Massey on social relations and global flows
• David Harvey on time space compression and shrinking world effect

Question 20

Give theory of Yi-Fu Tuan

Answer 20

Topophilia - people have a bond with a place based on experience
- Phenomonological approach which is subjective
- Place is based on attachment and security and individual perception which isn’t altered

Question 21

Give theory of Doreen Massey

Answer 21

Place is porous and a process which doesn’t have boundaries and is always influenced by events and decisions. Place should be seen as global and influenced by global flows and globalisation. Although placelessness can’t occur as places retain their historical distinctiveness

Question 22

Give theory of David Harvey

Answer 22

Improvements in technology, communication and transport makes distant places feel closer and more connected through interconnectedness socially, culturally, economically. Shows how local places can be influenced by global processes

Question 23

Give counter argument to time space compression

Answer 23

Not everyone experiences it evenly (rural areas and LICs) due to economic, political adn cultural barriers which mean places remain disconnected. Can create inequality due to the ‘digital divide’ where not all people have access to the internet

Question 24

Give case studies for places with place identity and no place identity

Answer 24

Oxford ( historical buildings and historical meaning and context with gardens and a uni) and Heathrow (lacks meaning, nothing distinct, has placelessness)

Question 25

Give case studies for how exogenous factors can affect the character of a place

Answer 25

- Flows of people - Large numbers of South Asian migrant in Manchester have created the curry mile in Rusholme so the character is dominated y curry restaurants and colorful shops with many languages spoken - Relationships with other places - Helford Passage in Cornwall has many links to London so wealthy London residents bought a second home there meaning local services closed down as homes were empty for most of the year

Question 26

Give the case study for how globalisation has had a negative impact on a place

Answer 26

Princesshay in Exeter used to be populated with independent shops now Exeter is most cloned town in the UK and has been stripped of its identity

Question 27

Give case study for how topography can contribute to the character of a place

Answer 27

Comparison between Isle of Skye with spiky nature due to basaltic mountains compared to the Cotswolds with quaint landscapes of rolling hills

Question 28

Give case study for how the media has contributed to the character of a place

Answer 28

Lord of Rings in New zealand - 50% more tourists since release of trilogy of films

Question 29

Give case study for continuity and change of a place

Answer 29

Bourneville, Cadburys - Shaped by beliefs and ideas of one family - Houses constructed to ensure spacious and sanitary living conditions for residents- - No public houses as family were quakers - 1/10th of estate was parks which was a key driver in later development of the 'garden city' movement - Whilst Cadbury achieved global success when joining Mondelez international operation Bourneville had changed little - Still encapsulates the positive ethos of the family with large areas of green space remaining and little crime but 65% of homes are privately owned now - Trust continued