International trade and access to markets

Question 1

Why has the volume of trade increased since the 1980s ?

Answer 1

As more high value goods have been traded around the world

Question 2

Give 2 examples of trade blocs and what they have achieved

Answer 2

EU and NAFTA have removed barriers to trade and encouraged more of it

Question 3

Which organisation promotes neo-liberal ideas

Answer 3

WTO

Question 4

When was the global financial crisis which has made global agreements since difficult to reach ?

Answer 4

2008-2009

Question 5

Where is international trade still spatially concentrated around ?

Answer 5

North America, Europe and East Asia

Question 6

Give stat about countries accounting for global trade

Answer 6

USA, Germany and Japan account for 25% of global trade

Question 7

Give global FDI stat

Answer 7

over $1 trillion of FDI per year flows into countries globally

Question 8

Give stat about USA FDI

Answer 8

USA = $268 billion FDI in 2011

Question 9

Give examples of international organisation who developed trading relationships

Answer 9

• WTO
• WB
• IMF

Question 10

Give an example of a trade bloc between 2 countries

Answer 10

USA and Mexico

Question 11

Give an example if a trade relationship formed between 2 far apart countries

Answer 11

UK and Japan

Question 12

Which emerging group of countries are becoming increasingly important in creating trading entities outside the USA and EU ?

Answer 12

ASEAN

Question 13

Give an example of a conflict in international trade

Answer 13

Banana trade war between EU and USA

Question 14

What is China classified as when talking about its role in international trade ?

Answer 14

G20 group

Question 15

Give the 2 example trading blocs in Latin America

Answer 15

Mercosur (1991) and Pacific alliance (2011)

Question 16

Give the HQ stat for case study of China in Africa

Answer 16

$200 million project funded by China to build an African Union HQ

Question 17

Give FDI stat for China in Africa case study

Answer 17

Overall South Africa receives highest FDI investment from China of $15.2 billion i 2024

Question 18

Give the railway stat for China in Africa case study

Answer 18

$1.5 billion railway project funded

Question 19

Give stat for Chinas investment into a sector in Africa

Answer 19

1/5 investment into extractative industry

Question 20

Give China in Africa UN stat

Answer 20

Africa has over 50 countries in the UN

Question 21

Give the Chinese company broadcaster in Africa

Answer 21

Star-Times

Question 22

Give example countries where decolonisation occurred

Answer 22

Africa and Asia

Question 23

What was set up to involve developing nations in WTO talks ?

Answer 23

UNCTAD

Question 24

What were set up to encourage economic globalisation and attract FDI ?

Answer 24

SEZs

Question 25

What was consequently set up to help the poorest countries engage in globalisation ?

Answer 25

SDTs

Question 26

Give case study for differential access to market change

Answer 26

Mexico was previously beneficiary of preferential access to Canadian and US markets but has benefitted more from NAFTA by accepting reciprocal arrangements with co-members

Question 27

Give fracking case study as a production change of TNCs due to tech advancements

Answer 27

Revitalised oil industry in North America

Question 28

Where do TNCs in teh secondary sector locate ?

Answer 28

Manufacturing regions in developing countries such as SE Asia

Question 29

Give case study of vertical integration

Answer 29

BP negotiated exploration and production rights in 40+ countries

Question 30

Give example of an emerging economy which has located its production where there is access to large markets in developing regions

Answer 30

Kia motors from South Korea has factories in Slovakia to gain access to EU markets

Question 31

What is TNC example ?

Answer 31

Apple

Question 32

Give a fact about apple as a brand

Answer 32

World's no.1 brand by value as worth (1,29 trillion)

Question 33

Give stat for where majority of products are sold

Answer 33

In 2011 44% of product sales were in the USA

Question 34

Give stats about apple's target market

Answer 34

Average age of 31 earning 26% more than national average

Question 35

Where are the main products designed for apple ?

Answer 35

Silicon valley, California

Question 36

Where are products made for apple

Answer 36

Outsourced to Foxconn in mainland China

Question 37

Where is apple HQ ?

Answer 37

Cupertino, California

Question 38

Where is agglomeration seen ?

Answer 38

Concentration of research and data centeres in Silicon valley

Question 39

How many workers in Foxconn city

Answer 39

400,000

Question 40

Give stat for why apple operated in Ireland

Answer 40

12.5% lower corporation tax

Question 41

Where is the apple European HQ ?

Answer 41

Cork, Ireland

Question 42

How many apple workers are employed in Ireland ?

Answer 42

4000

Question 43

Give stat about China and apple significance

Answer 43

Only 25/453 retail stores located in China but it meant apple's market increase by 600 million people

Question 44

What % of workers in Cork for apple are Irish ?

Answer 44

60%

Question 45

Give 3 negative stats for Foxconn

Answer 45

- In 2006, 200,000 workers working for over 60 hours a week - In 2010, 50 workers were poisoned by toxic chemicals - In 2010, 14 suicides

Question 46

What organisation criticised apple and Foxconn ?

Answer 46

Greenpeace

Question 47

What did apple do in response to its criticism ?

Answer 47

- Created a supplier code of conduct - Regularly audits suppliers factories - Launched campaign 'Green my apple' - Now uses 75% renewable energy sources

Question 48

Where does production of bananas mainly occur ?

Answer 48

Asia, Latin America and Africa

Question 49

Who are the largest producers of bananas ?

Answer 49

Latin America and Caribbean with Equador having 23% of total exports

Question 50

Where does the majority of consumption of bananas happen ?

Answer 50

EU and USA are highest consumers withe the EU receiving 50% of total exports

Question 51

Give stat about TNCs and bananas

Answer 51

Trade is dominated by 3 TNCs which used to own 80% of market share but now only 43%

Question 52

Where is there a shift in power in the banana supply chain ?

Answer 52

Grocery sector in importing sector is dominating the supply chain

Question 53

When did the banana trade war happen ?

Answer 53

1990s till 2009

Question 54

Give an example of a previous trade embargo

Answer 54

1973 oil crisis - OPEC proclaimed oil embargo on US

Question 55

Give an example of a current trade war

Answer 55

US-China trade war where tariffs on goods have ranged from 145% to 30%