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Module 2 > Infectious Disease And Sepsis > Flashcards

Infectious Disease And Sepsis Flashcards

0
Q

Most infectious disease states are ?

A

Not life threatening

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1
Q 
Illness caused by infestation of body by biological organisms
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoans
Helminths
A

Infectious diseases

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2
Q

Health professionals who study how infectious diseases affect populations?

A

Epidemiologists

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3
Q

Characteristics of a certain population

A

Demographics

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4
Q

Who monitors infectious disease?

A

Health department or Board of health

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5
Q

Disease causing organism microscopic are?

A

Microorganisms

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6
Q

Nonharmful bacteria that cause disease only under unusual circumstances

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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7
Q

Most opportunistic pathogens are ?

A

Normal flora

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8
Q

Microscopic single cells organism ; 1 to 20 micrometers; prokaryotes. Reproduce independently ; require host to supple food and environment is ?

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

Releasing toxic chemicals that have localized or systemic effects is?

A

Indirect damage

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10
Q

Poisonous proteins shed by bacteria during bacterial growth is

A

Exotoxins

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11
Q

Proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids; released when bacteria cells are destroyed is ?

A

Endotoxins

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12
Q

Much smaller than bacteria, cannot reproduce and carry on metabolism by themselves, obligate intracellular parasites, grow and reproduce only within host cell, resist antibiotic treatment

A

Viruses

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13
Q

Disease producing agents referred as “slow viruses”.
Cause progressive untreatable dementia kuru
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Mad cow disease
Fatal familial insomnia
Is?

A

Prions

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14
Q

Plantlike microorganism, most not pathogenic
Yeasts, molds, mushrooms
Become pathogenic in patients with compromised immune function

A

Fungi

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15
Q

Single celled parasitic organism with flexible membranes and ability to move.
Most live in soil
Opportunistic pathogens in patients with compromised immune function
Enter body by fecal-oral route or through mosquito

A

Protozoa

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16
Q

Common cause of disease where sanitation is poor

A

Parasites

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17
Q

Live in intestinal mucosa, may reach 30-50 cm in length.

A

Roundworms

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18
Q

Common in US and civilized countries

A

Pinworms

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19
Q

(3-10mm long) live in distal colon

Common cause of anal prutitus (itching) and infection

A

Tiny worms

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20
Q

Found in warm, moist climates
Larvae passed in stool of infected animals, contracted when barefoot person walks in contaminated area
Cause epi gastric and anemia

A

Hookworms

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21
Q

Contracted by eating raw or inadequately cooked pork products
GI disturbances, edema, fever
If invades heart, lungs, brain in large numbers, death may result

A

Trichinosis

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22
Q

Transmitted via food products, water, and soil

A

Microorganisms

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23
Q

Blood borne disease transmitted by contact with blood or body fluids of infected person

A

HIV, Hep B, C, D; syphilis

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24
Q

Infectious disease transmitted through air on droplets expelled during productive cough or sneeze

A

TB, meningitis, mumps, measles, rubella, chicken pox(varicella).

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25
Q

Transmitted by airborne route

A

Common cold, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, transmitted by airborne route.

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26
Q

Open wounds, increased secretions , active coughing, ongoing invasive treatment cause?

A

Increase of disease transmission

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27
Q

Once infected with infectious agent, host cannot transmit agent to someone else

A

Latent period

28
Q

Host may exhibit signs of clinical disease; can transmit infectious agent to another host

A

Communicable period

29
Q

Time between exposure and presentation

A

Incubation period

30
Q

Time between exposure to disease and seroconversion

A

Window phase

31
Q

Duration from onset of signs and symptoms until resolution

A

Disease period

32
Q

Attack infectious agent by combination of digestive enzymes and ingesting it (phagocytosis)

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

33
Q

Various T lymphocytes react against specific antigens via

A

Cell-mediated immunity

34
Q

Protect against most infectious agents to which body repeatedly exposed

A

Humoral immunity antibodies

35
Q

Remembers antigen and recognizes repeated invasions

A

IgG

36
Q

Formed early on most immune responses

A

IgM

37
Q

Main immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions

A

IgA

38
Q

Present on surface of B lymphocytes; acts as antigen receptor

A

IgD

39
Q

Attaches to mast cells in respiratory and intestinal tracts

A

IgE

40
Q

Set of small, thin-walled vessels; collects overflow fluid from tissue spaces and returns it to circulatory system

A

Lymphatic system

41
Q

Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic ducts

A

Lymphatic organs

42
Q

Filter lymph before returning it to circulatory system.

A

Lymph nodes

43
Q

Generates antibodies and produces B and T lymphocytes; removes unwanted particulate matter.

A

Spleen

44
Q

Recieved antibodies from maternal circulation via placenta or from inoculation

A

Passive immunity

45
Q

Develops antibodies in response to inoculation by killed or modified form of infectious agent in attenuated vaccine

A

Active immunity

46
Q

Pregnant health care workers have additional concerns to

A

Parvovirus
Influenza
Chicken pox/ shingles

47
Q

Outlined rights and responsibilities of agencies and health care workers when infectious disease exposure occurs

A

The Ryan white act

48
Q 
COPD
Autoimmune disease/meds
Transplant recipients ; diabetes
Alcoholism; malnutrition 
IV drug abuse; splenectomy
Cancer
Can occur in ?
A

Patients taking immunosuppressants medications or that have HIV

49
Q

Hypotension with infectious disease may result from?

A

Dehydration

Vasodilation

50
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Selling of liver

51
Q

Utilizes host cell’s reproductive apparatus to copy itself
Retrovirus
Action of reverse transcriptase enables genetic material from retrovirus to become permanently incorporated into DNA of infected cell.

A

HIV

52
Q

Most common preventable adult infectious disease in the world
Cause: bacteria known collectively as Myobacterium tuberculosis complex
Affects respiratory system
Transmission : airborne respiratory droplets, through mucos membranes and broken skin, drinking contaminated milk

A

TB

53
Q

Acute lung inflammation ; result from respiratory infection by viruses, bacteria, fungi.
Spread by droplet nuclei, direct contact, linens soiled with respiratory secretions.
Lower respiratory infection

A

Pneumonia

54
Q

Inflammation of meninges and CSF caused by bacterial and viral infection.
Transmitted by respiratory droplets, peaks in winter months with low temperature and humidity.

A

Meningitis

55
Q

Flexion of hips or knees when neck flexed considered positive finding of ?

A

Meningitis (brudzinski sign)

56
Q

Inability to fully extend knee due to meninges like irritation is

A

Kernig’s sign

57
Q

Caused by viruses types A, B, C
Leading cause of respiratory disease world wide
More serious in very young and old
Sudden onset of fever, chills, malaise, muscle aches, nasal discharge, cough.

A

Influenza

58
Q

Caused by rhinovirus we

Course mild, often without fever and muscle cramping

A

Common cold

59
Q

Transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact with saliva
Painful enlargement of salivary glands

A

Mumps

60
Q

Cause bronchiolitis in infants and young children…can be fatal
Associated with outbreaks of lower respiratory infections
Wheezing, tachypnea, respiratory distress

A

RSV

Respiratory syncytial virus

61
Q

Caused by bacterium
Develops mild cough ; quickly becomes sever and violent
Rapid consecutive coughs followed by deep, high - pitched inspiration
Large amounts of thick mucus, sustained coughing may lead to increased intracranial pressure and intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

62
Q

Inflammation of epiglottis

Four “D’s” dysphonia, drooling, dysphagia, distress

A

Epiglotitis

63
Q

Cause of upper airway obstruction in children under 3

Viral illness; inspiratory and expiratory strider; seal bark cough

A

Croup ( laryngotracheobronchitis)

64
Q

Acute bacterial infection of CNS
Musculoskeletal signs and symptoms
Pain and stiffness in jaw muscles , muscle spasms, and rigidity of entire body.

A

Tetanus

65
Q

The most common STI
50% of the time there are no symptoms
In men can cause groin pain and swelling penile discharge as well as burning on urination
Can also effect the eyes and respiratory system
Easily cured with antibiotics

A

Chlamydia

66
Q

The most common infection of the urethra and cervix
Antibiotics cure
Highest rates in men 20-24 followed by men 15-19
In women, cervicitis without symptoms or minimal discharge ages 15-19
If untreated increased risk of sterility, ectopic pregnancy, abcesses within reproductive structures, and peritonitis.

A

Gonorrhea

67
Q

Most common cause of death in debilitated patients in hospital ICU
Life threatening medical condition caused by whole body inflammatory state called systemic response syndrome
HR greater than 90
Abnormal body temp
Tachypnea
Abnormal white blood cell count

A

Sepsis

Module 2 (28 decks)

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