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Module 2 > Enviromental Emerency > Flashcards

Enviromental Emerency Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining constant suitable conditions within body

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2
Q

Thermal Gradient

A

Difference in temperature between environment ( ambient temperature) and body

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3
Q

Thermogenesis

A

Heat generation

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4
Q

Thermoregulatory thermogenesis

A

Controlled by endocrine system

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5
Q

Thermolysis

A

Loss of heat

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6
Q

Evaporation

A

Body heat lost by evaporation of perspiration

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7
Q

Convection

A

Body heat lost to air

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8
Q

Conduction

A

Body heat lost to nearby objects

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9
Q

Radiation

A

Body heat lost to nearby objects without touching them

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10
Q

Unclothed person will lose ____ of body heat by radiation at room temperature

A

60%

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11
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Maintenance or regulation of temperature

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Base of brain; responsible for temperature regulation; functions as thermostat

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13
Q

Peripheral thermorecepters

A

Skin and mucous membranes

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14
Q

Central thermorecepters

A

Deep tissues

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15
Q

Hyperthermia vasodilation

A

Blood carries heat to periphery for dissipation through skin

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16
Q

Signs of Thermolysis

A 
Diaphoresis
Increased skin temp
Flushing
AMS
ALOC
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17
Q

Predisposing factors of hyperthermia

A

Age of patient : pedi and geri populations tolerate less variation in temperature
Health of patient : diabetics can become hyperthermia more easily (poor circulation)
Medications
Acclimation

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18
Q

Predisposing factors medications for hyperthermia

A

Diuretics- predispose to dehydration
Beta - blockers : interfere with vasodilation
Psychotropics and antihistamine : interfere with central Thermoregulation.

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19
Q

Heat cramps

A

Muscle cramps; over exertion and dehydration in prescence of atmospheric.
Sweating : loss of water; loss of electrolytes
Intermittent cramping of skeletal muscles may occur

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat cramps

A 
Painful ; not actual heat illness
Fingers, arms , legs, abdominal muscles
Mentally alert, weakness, dizzy , and faint
Vitals signs stable
Temp normal, slightly elevated
Skin warm and moist
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21
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Mild heat illness; acute reaction to heat exposure
Loss of water and sodium with vasodilation
Decreased circulating blood volume, venous pooling, reduced cardiac output.

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22
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion

A

Dehydration and electrolyte loss account for signs and symptoms
If not treated , may progress to heatstroke
Increased body temp, skin cool and clammy with heavy perspirations, breathing and shallow, weak pulse.
Diarrhea, muscle cramps, weak, maybe LOC
If CNS symptoms, treat for heatstroke

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23
Q

Heatstroke

A

Hypothalamic temperature regulation lost; uncompensated hyperthermia.
Cell death; damage to brain; liver , kidneys

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24
Q

Heatstroke occurs at a temperature of at least ?

A

105 degrees

40.6 C

25
Q

Exertional heatstroke

A

Good health; increased core body temp caused by overwhelming heat stress.

26
Q

Heatstroke from exertion can lead to

A

Metabolic acidosis

HyperK

27
Q

Dehydration in heat disorders

A

Inhibit vasodilation and Thermolysis

Orthostatic hypotension

28
Q

Hypothermia

A

Low core body temp below 95 degrees

And 35 C

29
Q

Mild hypothermia

A

Core temp greater then 90 degrees (32C) with signs and symptoms of hypothermia

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of mild hypothermia

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Shivering
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Tachypnea
  • Fatigue; impaired judgement
31
Q

Signs and symptoms of moderate hypothermia

A
  • Cold induced hypothermia
  • Hypotension
  • Respiratory depression
  • AMS
  • Loss of shivering
32
Q

Signs and symptoms of severe hypothermia

A
  • Coma
  • Apnea
  • Ventricular arrhythmias or asystole
33
Q

Temperatures below ___ cause significant increase in mortality rate.

A

86degrees (30 C)

34
Q

Severe hypothermia asses pulse and RR for at least ___ secs every __ to __ minutes.

A

30 seconds
1 minute
2 minutes

35
Q

Rewarming shock

A

Application of external heat causing reflex peripheral vasodilation.

36
Q

Cold diuresis

A

Core vasoconstriction causes increased blood volume and blood pressure.
Kidneys remove excess fluid to reduce pressure.

37
Q

If a V-Fib is detected in a hypothermia arrest, deliver a single shock at ___?

A

360 joules

38
Q

Subsequent defibrillations or blouses of medication avoided until core temperature is ___?

A

86 degrees (30 C)

39
Q

Frostbite

A

Environmentally induced freezing of body tissues.

Ice crystals form within; water drawn out of cells into extra cellular space.

40
Q

Risk factors

A 
Age
Poor general health 
Fatigue
Predisposing medical conditions 
Certain meds
41
Q

Superficial frostbite (frostnip)

A

Some redness of epidermal tissue, redness, blanching, diminished sensation.

42
Q

Deep frostbite

A

Epidermal and subcutaneous layers; white appearance, hard (frozen) to palpation, loss of sensation
Extremities , head , face

43
Q

Drowning

A

Respiratory impairment as result of submersion or immersion in liquid

44
Q

Drowning results in

A

Mortality (death)
Morbidity (having medical problems)
No morbidity (no problems)

45
Q

Drowning is the ____ most accidental death in the U.S.

A

Third

46
Q

Surfactant

A

Substance in alveoli responsible for keeping alveoli open

47
Q

Submerged for less than ___ minutes resuscitate

A

60

48
Q

Under water ____ min or ____ ; cannot be resuscitated

A

60 min or less

49
Q

Mammalian dive reflex

A

02 sent and used only where immediately needed to sustain life

50
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Volume of gas inversely proportional to its pressure if temperature kept constant
-As you increase pressure, gas compressed into smaller space

51
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Total pressure of mixture of gases equal to sum of partial pressures of individual gases

52
Q

Henry’s Law

A

Amount of gas dissolved in given volume of fluid proportional to pressure of gas above it

53
Q

As diver goes deeper into water, pressure increases, causing more gas to dissolve in blood

A

Henry’s law

54
Q

Gases will have smaller volume because of increased ambient pressure

A

Boyles law

55
Q

Bends or dysbarism; rapid reduction of air pressure while ascending to surface following exposure to compressed air

A

Decompression sickness

56
Q

Holding breath during ascent

A

Pulmonary over pressure

57
Q

Altitude at which high-altitude illnesses start to manifest

A

2,400 m (8,000 ft)

58
Q

High altitude , hypoxia environment without major distribution of normal O2 transport

A

(4,900 to 11,500 ft)

59
Q

Unacclimatized person who ascends rapidly at 2,000 meters (6,600ft or greater)

A

Acute Moutan sickness

Module 2 (28 decks)

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