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Module 2 > Pregnancy And Development > Flashcards

Pregnancy And Development Flashcards

1
Q

Differenation

A

One cell becomes trillions = different cell types

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2
Q

Development can be broken down into two different segments

A

Prenatal development

Post natal development

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3
Q

Prenatal development

A

Fertilization = zygote
Uterus 0-8 = embryo
Uterus 9-40 = fetus

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4
Q

Postnatal development

A

Birth > maturity

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5
Q

Development

A

Gradual modification of anatomical structures and physiologic characteristics from conception to maturity.

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6
Q

Zygote

A

1cell

As soon as it becomes 2 cells > blastomere

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7
Q

Morula

A

Solid ball of cells after 3 days of cleavage (diuding)

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8
Q

Blastula

A

Inner cell mass - will feed embryo
Trophoblast - will feed embryo
Hollow
( 2 days only)

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9
Q

Implantation

A

Days 7-10

Ball of cells must borrow into endometrium and plant roots in order to obtain nutrients and 02

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10
Q

Gastrulation

A

Formation of ger in layers (rearrangement of cells)

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11
Q

Extra embryonic structures

A

1) Yolk Sac
2) Amnion
3) Alantois
4) Chorion

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12
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Will be important site of blood formation

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13
Q

Amnion

A

Encloses amniotic fluid that surrounds and cushion embryo

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14
Q

Alantois

A

Gives rise to urinary bladder, accumulates urine from embryo

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15
Q

Chorion

A

Rapid transit system linking embryo trophoblast (provides nutrition to embryo)

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16
Q

Place ration

A

Formation of placenta ( derived from the Chiron) beginning in week 3.
*as the embryo enlarges, it further separates from the uterine wall > umbilical cord begins to form

17
Q

Ectoderm

A

Nervous System , skin

18
Q

Mesoderm

A

Circulatory, musculoskeletal, kidneys

19
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive structures, lungs

20
Q

Placental Hormones

A

HCG = human chorionic gonadotropin
Released into blood stream after implantation, similar to LH, maintains corpus Luteum until placenta manufactures own progesterone (3-4mos)

21
Q

Umbilical cord contains

A

1) Allantois
2) Yolk sac
3) Blood Vessels
* One umbilical vein
* Two umbilical arteries

22
Q

Second Trimester

A

Rapid growth

23
Q

Third Trimester

A

Fully functional organs

24
Q

Maternal Changes in Pregnancy

A

1) Increased RR and Tidal Volume
2) Increased Blood Volume by 50% by end of gestation
3) Increased requirement for nutrients and vitamins by 10-30%
4) Increased GFR by 50%
5) Increased size of uterus and mammary glands

25
Q

Paturition

A

Forcible expulsion of fetus from uterus

26
Q

Labor contractions

A

1) Fetal growth
2) Fetal release of oxytocin
3) maternal release of oxytocin
4) increased prostaglandin production
5) Labor contractions
6) Positive Feedback

27
Q

1) Dilation stage

A

1) onset of labor
2) cervix dilates, fetus slides down cervical canal
3) 8+ hrs
4) contraction 1 every 10-30 min
5) amniotic sac may rupture

28
Q

2) Expulsion stage

A

1) cervix pushed open by fetus
2) fetus emerges from vagina
3) arrival of newborn to word (Birth)
* Crowning*

29
Q

For mane oval

A

Hole between Right and Left atrium

30
Q

Ductus arteroius

A

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

31
Q

Epiostomy

A

Incision through perineal musculature if fetus is too large

32
Q

C-Section

A

Surgical removal of infant through abdominal wall

33
Q

3) Placental Stage

A

1) Muscle tension builds uterus, uterus decreased in size
2) Contraction = placenta becomes detached from uterine wall
3) Placenta delivered = 1hr within fetus

34
Q

Postnatal Development

A

1) Neonatal Period > Birth > 1month
* Passing through the birth canal squeezes fluid out of lungs
* A powerful inhalation is required to fill thoracic with air
* Changes in thoracic pressure shift to high pressure L heart > leads to closing of fomeamen ovale and ductus arteriousus (within 48hrs)
* Digestive system releases meconium (bile, mucous, epithelial cells)
* Infant can’t keep warm
* Colostrum = mammary glands release
- Contain protein, AB, 2-3 days post birth

35
Q

At birth / shortly after

A
  • Foramen ovals closes
  • Ductus arteriousus becomes ligamentum arteriosum
  • *Failure of closure = Cardiovascular problems**

Module 2 (28 decks)

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