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Module 2 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Capillaries that begin peripherally and collect in venous system.

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2
Q

Pathogen

A

Virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite

* Responsible for disease in the human body

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3
Q

Immunity

A

The body’s ability to resist disease and infection through activation of specific defenses for these pathogens

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4
Q

White blood cells

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
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5
Q

Antigen

A

Pathogen , part of pathogen

Foreign compound

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6
Q

Antibodies

A

Soluble proteins
Aka - immunoglobulins
Antibodies bond to antigens

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7
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) Production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
2) Return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues
3) Distribution of hormones, water, and nutrients from peripheral tissues to the blood.

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8
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid following through lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

Natural killer cells

A

5-10% of lymphocytes
Non specific defense
-Immunological surveillance - attack foreign cells, cells infected, with virus, cancer cells, etc

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10
Q

B cells

A 
(Bone marrow derived)
10-15% of lymphocytes
-Differentiate into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete AB
-Antibody mediated immunity
-Cell mediated immunity
-Specific defense
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11
Q

T cell

A 
Thymus dependent cells
80% of lymphocytes
4 Types of lymphocytes
1)Cytotoxic T cells
2)Helper T cells 
3)Suppressor T cell
4) Memory T cells
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12
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

(Killer T cells)

-Attack foreign cells and body cells infected with virus

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13
Q

Helper T cells

A

(Help in HIV)

-Stimulate T and B cells

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14
Q

Suppressor T cells

A

-Inhibit T and B cells

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15
Q

Memory T cells

A

-Remain in reserve for future contact with pathogen.

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16
Q

Lymphoid Tissues

A

Lymphoid nodules

  • Mass of lymphoid tissue not surrounded by a fibrous capsule
  • Increase and decrease in size based on number of lymphocytes present
  • Beneath epithelial - respiratory, digestive, and renal
17
Q

Lymphoid organs

A
  • Surrounded by fibrous capsule
  • Lymph nodes
  • Thymus - in mediastinum posterior to sternum
  • Tcell production and maturation
  • Spleen - responsible for filtering the blood.
  • Removes abnormal cells and components
  • Stores iron from recycled RBCs
18
Q

Non specific defenses

A

Deny entry or limit the spread of pathogens (does not care which pathogen you are)

19
Q

1) Physical Barriers

A
  • Skin - anchored by desmonsomes, hair prevents bugs from contacting the surface, secretions of sweat and oil, wash away pathogens
  • Insides - mucous/cilia of respiratory tract, digestion of pathogens in stomach, flush pathogens with urine.
20
Q

2) Immunological Surveillance

A

Monitor for presence of antigens on cell membranes

*Perforins - makes holes in cell membrane of pathogen for water to come in, pathogen ruptures

21
Q

3) Interferons

A

Small protein released by activated lymphocytes , macrophages, and tissue cells infected with viruses.

  • Will prevent virus replications and rate of spread in body tissues.
  • Works by 2nd messenger
22
Q

4) Inflammation

A

Localized tissue response to injury causing local heat, redness, swelling pain
*Caused by stimulus that damages loose connective or kills cells

23
Q

Goals of inflammation

A

1) To perform temporary repair at injury site
2) Slow spread of pathogens from injury site
3) Mobilize resources for permanent repair (regeneration)

24
Q

5) Compliment system

A

11 compliment protein

  • Cascade like clotting cascade
  • Membrane attack (MAC) created in membrane > pores in bacterial (pathogen) membrane > cell lysis
  • Activation = begins with compliment system attaching to antibody = attraction of phagocytes, phagocytosis, perfection of cell membranes
25
Q

6) Fever

A

Pyrogens reset thermostat in hypothalamus
-Increased body temp, new temp maintained by negative feedback. Once pathogens eliminated, set point returned to normal. Normal temp maintained by negative feedback.

26
Q

7) Phagocytes

A

-Remove cellular debris
- respond to invasion of pathogens
- two types (Macrophages and Microphages)
- 1st line of defense / exist in peripheral tissue
-

Module 2 (28 decks)

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