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High School Stuff > Government H Semester Exam > Flashcards

Government H Semester Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

A

Unitary government

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2
Q

A loose union of independent states

A

Confederacy

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3
Q

Government in which the people rule

A

Democracy

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4
Q

System of government in which people elect delegates to make laws

A

Representative democracy

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5
Q

Country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide

A

Nation-state

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6
Q

Plan that provides the rules for government

A

Constitution

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7
Q

Economic system providing free choice and individual incentive

A

Capitalism

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8
Q

Economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions

A

Communism

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9
Q

Rule by the people

A

Popular sovereignty

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10
Q

Trade among the states

A

Interstate commerce

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11
Q

Gives Congress the right to make laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the powers

A

Elastic clause

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12
Q

Laws passed by Congress “shall be the Supreme Law of the Land”

A

Supremacy clause

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13
Q

System in which powers are divided between national and state governments

A

Federalism

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14
Q

When several parties combine forces to obtain a majority, they form one of these

A

Coalition government

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15
Q

A party that focuses on overall changes in society

A

Ideological party

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16
Q

A party that might fade away after the purpose for forming the political party loses purpose

A

Single-issue party

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17
Q

Political party that splits away from a major party because of some disagreement

A

Splinter party

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18
Q

All parties currently operating in the US who are not Republican or Democrat

A

Third party

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19
Q

Voting district

A

Precinct

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20
Q

A large district comprising several adjoining precinct

A

Ward

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21
Q

The process of nominating a candidate through a series of meetings

A

Caucus

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22
Q

Second primary election between two candidates who received the most votes in the primary election

A

Runoff election

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23
Q

Preliminary election to appoint delegates to a conference

A

Primary election

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24
Q

Gathering of local and state party members chosen to nominate president and vice president candidates

A

National convention

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25
Q

This organization of the 50 state parties runs the party between presidential elections

A

National comittee

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26
Q

List of values and actions which are supported by a political party

A

Political platform

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27
Q

An amendment made these unconstitutional as they forced people to pay a fee in order to vote

A

Poll tax

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28
Q

Duty or obligation

A

Incumbent

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29
Q

Money raised by a political party for general purposes, not designated for candidates

A

Soft money

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30
Q

Person responsible for the overall strategy and planning of a campaign

A

Campaign manager

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31
Q

System where two major political parties dominate political within a government

A

Two-party system

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32
Q

System in which multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control

A

Multi-party system

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33
Q

Political philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions

A

Conservative

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34
Q

Political philosophy that promotes opening to new opinions and behaviors; willing to disregard traditional social institutions

A

Liberal

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35
Q

Individual who is not extreme, partisan, or radical

A

Moderate

36
Q

Direct contact made by lobbyists to persuade government officials to support policies

A

Lobby

37
Q

Domestic advocacy organizations which seek to influence government foreign policy

A

Foreign-interest group

38
Q

Interest group that advocates for workers and organizations

A

Labor-interest group

39
Q

Type of economic interest group that promotes corporates and employers

A

Business-interest group

40
Q

PACs tied to corporations, labor unions, trade groups, and health organizations

A

Affiliated PACs

41
Q

A PAC that is not affiliated with a labor union or corporation

A

Independent PAC

42
Q

Prevailing or widespread belief of the majority of people about a candidate

A

Public opinion

43
Q

Person’s attitude whether he or she ca affect politics

A

Political efficacy

44
Q

Subset of statistical population that reflects members of a population

A

Representative sample

45
Q

Subset of statistical population where each member has an equal probability of being chosen

A

Random sampling

46
Q

Technique where entire population is divided and random sampling of a population is selected

A

Cluster sampling

47
Q

Sample that is unrepresentative of the general population

A

Biased sample

48
Q

Fallacy in which any evidence that supports an opposing argument is rejected

A

Stacking the deck

49
Q

Using an expert to sell or support

A

Testimonial/endorsement

50
Q

Attempt to discredit an idea based upon disfavored people associated with it

A

Guilt by association

51
Q

Propaganda device that replicates the investment strategies of others who were good

A

Coat-tailing

52
Q

Propaganda device that uses vague words to invoke powerful emotions

A

Glittering generalities

53
Q

Unconstitutional to “deprive any citizen the right to vote’

A

Fifteenth amendment

54
Q

Provided women with the right to vote

A

Nineteenth amendment

55
Q

Prohibits the federal or state government from imposing poll tax

A

Twenty-fourth amendment

56
Q

An election where voters of a specific party vote to choose a candidate for the general election

A

Closed primary

57
Q

Voters from any party may vote in one of these but they are only allowed to vote for the candidates from one party

A

Open primary

58
Q

By using this, the judicial branch can check the power of the other two branches of government

A

Judicial review

59
Q

Word meaning “having the right to vote in elections”

A

Suffrage

60
Q

Section of the Constitution states why it was written

A

Preamble

61
Q

To be proposed, this requires a 2/3 vote from both houses of congress

A

Amendment

62
Q

This action between heads of state does not require congressional approval

A

Executive agreement

63
Q

Business and labor interest groups are concerned with the

A

Economy

64
Q

Teddy Roosevelt ran for office under the banner of one of these types of parties

A

Splinter party

65
Q

These entities support candidates who favor their ideas, but they do not nominate candidates

A

Interest group

66
Q

The Anti-Federalists wanted this written into the constitution itself, but it exists today as a series of amendments

A

Bill of Rights

67
Q

This term refers to a person’s attitude about whether he or she can affect politics

A

Political efficacy

68
Q

PACs hire these individuals to speak directly with lawmakers

A

Lobbyists

69
Q

Electoral college

A
  • The electoral vote is equal to the number of representatives and senators from all the state, plus 3 votes from D.C. - Each state’s electoral vote is equal to the number of representatives and senators from that state - Larger states have more votes so a candidate can win by winning larger states - Winning the 11 largest states would win the election - The candidate who wins the majority of votes in a state wins that state’s electoral votes
70
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A
  • Proved that under the Articles of Confederation, the government was too weak with individual states governing themselves - Proved that the Articles of Confederation was ineffective
71
Q

Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation

A
  • Weak central government in which the states retained most of their power - Major flaws: Could not levy taxes or regulate trade, could not force states to obey decisions, could not enforce laws, difficult to amend
72
Q

State that did not send a delegate to the Constitutional Convention

A

Rhode Island

73
Q

Magna Carta’s purpose to the development of the American government

A

English colonist were influenced by the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights providing two important political concepts of limited government and representative government

74
Q

Wrote the original draft of the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

75
Q

New Jersey Plan

A
  • Unicameral legislature with one vote per state - Congress impose taxes and regulated trade - Weak executive branch of multiple officials elected by Congress - Executive would appoint a national judiciary
76
Q

Virginia Plan

A
  • Strong national legislature consisting of two houses (lower with official chosen by the people and upper with officials chosen by the lower house) - Strong executive elected by the national legislature - National judiciary appointed by the legislature
77
Q

Connecticut Compromise

A

Legislative branch consists of two houses: - House of Representatives (state representation based on population; all revenue laws would begin in the hour) - Senate (two members from each state)

78
Q

Why did delegates at the Constitutional Convention compromise on the issue of slavery?

A
  • Slaves were a huge portion of the Southern population, complicating the question of proportional representation - Delegates at the Constitutional Convention eventually reached a compromise to count slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of Congressional representation - To appease Southern slave-holding states, Congress agreed not to ban the importation of slaves until 1808
79
Q

What did the Federalists want at the time of ratification?

A
  • Favored Constitution
  • Strong national government
80
Q

What did the Anti-Federalists want at the time of ratification?

A

Bill of Rights

81
Q

Explanation of how the government works; there are 7

A

Articles

82
Q

How can decision of the Supreme Court be overturned?

A
  • If the decision is based on a law that Congress has passed, Congress can simply change the law - If the decision is based on the Constitution, the Constitution can be amended - A later Supreme Court can decide that a certain decision was wrong
83
Q

Checks and balances

A
84
Q

What is necessary for person to become a senator, representative, or president?

A

Senator: 30 years; citizen for 9 years

Representative: 25 years; citizen for 7 years

President: 35 years; born in the United States

85
Q

Ways an amendment is proposed or passed

A
  • Legislatures passes an act to change the constitution - Proposed amendments appear on the ballot at the next general election - Amendments must be proved by 2/3 majority vote in an election
86
Q

Know the amendments that make up the Bill of Rights

A
  • First Amendment: Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and to petition the government - Second Amendment: Right for the people to keep and bear arms, as well as to maintain a militia - Third Amendment: Protection from quartering of troops - Fourth Amendment: Protection from unreasonable search and seizure - Fifth Amendment: Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, private property - Sixth Amendment: Trial by jury and other rights of the accused - Seventh Amendment: Civil trial by jury - Eighth Amendment: Prohibition of excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment - Ninth Amendment: Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the Bill of Rights - Tenth Amendment: Powers of states and people

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