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Physiology > Chapter 10: Central Nervous System, Spinal & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Central Nervous System, Spinal & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

A cluster of sensory neuron cell bodies

A

Posterior root ganglion

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1
Q

A simple, fast, predictable automatic response to help protect the body

A

Reflex arc

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2
Q

Bones of the spine that enclose and protect the spinal cord

A

Vertebrae

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3
Q

In a reflex arc, the muscle or gland that responds with an action

A

Effector

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4
Q

A group of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves that branch off the lower end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

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5
Q

The innermost layer of the meninges that is attached to the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

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6
Q

Structure that responds to some environmental change and initiates a sensory impulse

A

Receptor

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7
Q

Opening that runs lengthwise through the spinal cord; CSF circulates through it

A

Central canal

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8
Q

Lymphatic fluid-filled space between the arachnoid and dura mater

A

Subdural space

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9
Q

Reflex arc structure that transmits the impulse to a muscle or gland

A

Motor neuron

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10
Q

At a synapse, the neuron that is sending the action potential is

A

Presynaptic

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11
Q

This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS

A

Ependymal cells

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12
Q

The synaptic cleft is the space that a ________ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

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13
Q

Name characteristics that would increases the speed of nerve transmission

A
  1. ) Warmer temperature
  2. ) Larger diameter
  3. ) Has myelin
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14
Q

The body’s natural painkiller is

A

Endorphins

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15
Q

A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods is

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

Sacs in which the neurotransmitter is stored

A

Synaptic vessicle

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17
Q

Substances used for communications at chemical synapses

A

Neurotransmitter

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18
Q

A neurotransmitter must cross the ______ to initiate an impulse in a postsynaptic neuron

A

Synaptic cleft

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19
Q

MS is more common in

A

Women

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20
Q

Membrane where inner and outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charge

A

Depolarized

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21
Q

Membrane where inner an outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge

A

Polarized

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22
Q

Time during which a neuron can’t be stimulated to initiate an impulse

A

Refractory period

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23
Q

Ions found in high concentration inside the plasma membrane

A

K+

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24
Q

Ions found in high concentration outside the plasma membrane

A

Na+

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25
Q

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane

A

Resting potential (-70mV)

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26
Q

The mechanism by which ions are moved through the plasma membrane from lesser to greater concentration

A

Sodium pump

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27
Q

Matter within the spinal cord shaped like the letter “H”

A

Gray matter

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28
Q

Fat-filled space between the vertebrae and dura mater

A

Epidural space

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29
Q

Reflex arc structure that passes the impulse from the receptor to the CNS

A

Sensory neuron

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30
Q

Part of the spinal nerve containing sensory nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the spinal cord

A

Posterior root

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31
Q

Part of the spinal nerve containing motor neurons carrying impulses away from the spinal cord

A

Anterior root

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32
Q

Tough outermost layer of the meninges

A

Dura mater

33
Q

Space between the arachnoid and pia mater; contains CSF

A

Subarachnoid space

34
Q

Filament that anchors the inferior portion of the spinal cord

A

Filum terminale

35
Q

Region in the CNS that connects the sensory and motor portions of the reflex arc

A

Integrating center

36
Q

Cone-shaped tip of the spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

37
Q

Three connective tissue membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

38
Q

Tracts of white matter that run up and down the spinal cord

A

Columns

39
Q

Cobweb-like middle layer of the meninges

A

Arachnoid

40
Q

Area in the precentral gryus of the frontal lobe, controls specific muscles or groups of muscles

A

Primary motor area

41
Q

Area in the occipital lobe, permits vision

A

Primary visual area

42
Q

Area in the temporal lobe, permits hearing

A

Primary auditory area

43
Q

Cerebral area that controls smell

A

Primary olfactory

44
Q

Area in the frontal lobe, translates thoughts into speech

A

Broca’s speech area

45
Q

Postcentral gyrus area, receives sensations of pain, touch, pressure, and temperature

A

Primary somatosensory area

46
Q

Cerebral area that integrates general and special sensations to form a common thought

A

Common integrative

47
Q

The color of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Clear, colorless

48
Q

The entire nervous system contains between 1/3-2/3 cup of CSF or about _____ mL

A

80-150 mL

49
Q

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  1. ) shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord
  2. ) contains white blood cells
  3. ) contains nutrients
50
Q

Cranial Nerve X: main nerve of parasympathetic nervous system; senses and controls internal organs

A

Vagus

51
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Sense of smell

A

Olfactory

52
Q

Cranial Nerve XII: proprioception and tongue movement

A

Hypoglossal

53
Q

Cranial Nerve IX: swallowing; taste; sensation from tongue

A

Glossopharynxgeal

54
Q

Cranial Nerve V: chewing, facial sensation

A

Trigeminal

55
Q

Cranial Nerve VI: proprioception and eyeball movement

A

Abducens

56
Q

Cranial Nerve VII: taste and facial expressions

A

Facial

57
Q

Cranial Nerve III: control of eyes lens and pupil

A

Oculomotor

58
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII: hearing and equilibrium

A

Vestibulocochlear

59
Q

Cranial Nerve IV: proprioception and eyeball movement

A

Trochlear

60
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Vision

A

Optic

61
Q

Cranial Nerve XI: swallowing, head and shoulder movement

A

Accessory

62
Q

Relative to the human brain, the sheep brain is ____ overall, it’s olfactory bulbs are ______, and it’s cerebrum is _______.

A

Smaller, larger, smaller.

63
Q

CSF is formed by _____ and secretion from blood in capillaries called ______; cells that form it are known as _____.

A

Filtration, choroid plexuses, ependymal cells.

64
Q

Type of impulses relayed and interpreted by the thalamus

A

Sensory and motor

65
Q

Functions of the lambic system

A
  1. ) pleasure, pain, anger, fear ect.
  2. ) involuntary aspects of survival behavior
  3. ) memory
66
Q

Condition that results from an excessive accumulation of CSF within the ventricles

A

Hydrocephalus

67
Q

Type of reflexes that the corpora quadrigemina is concerned with

A

Visual and auditory

68
Q

At rest, the brain consumes about ____ percent of the body’s total oxygen

A

20%

69
Q

The structure that acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord and medulla to upper portions of the brain

A

Pons

70
Q

The medulla serves as a conduction pathway for all ascending and descending tracts. What type of impulses are transmitted by its white matter?

A

Motor and sensory

71
Q

Brain center that regulates the heart and diameter of blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular

72
Q

Movements of your left hand are initiated by motor neurons that originate in the ____ side of your cerebrum

A

Right

73
Q

Brain cavities where cerebrospinal fluid circulates

A

Ventricles

74
Q

Band of white matter that connects the two halves of the cerebrum

A

Carpus callosum

75
Q

The part of your brain stimulated by your ringing alarm clock

A

Reticular activation system

76
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum

A

Cortex

77
Q

Part of the brain that coordinates walking, balance, and the ability to speak understandably

A

Cerebellum

78
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is composed of ___ matter

A

Gray

79
Q

Ridges that make up the surface of the cerebrum

A

Gyri

80
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A
  1. ) smell
  2. ) controls nervous system
  3. ) controls pituitary gland
  4. ) regulates emotion and food intake

Physiology (27 decks)

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