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Mycology > Intro to Mycology > Flashcards

Intro to Mycology Flashcards

0
Q

What composes the cell wall of bacteria?

A

peptidoglycan

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1
Q

What composes the cell wall of fungi?

A

Glucan and chitin (glucosamine), and ergosterol

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2
Q

What makes treatment difficult for fungi?

A

they resemble human cells, eukaryotes

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3
Q

What is a single cell yeast?

A

conidium (conidia)

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4
Q

What is a bud from asexual reproduction?

A

blastoconidia

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5
Q

What are products of sexual reproduction (less common)?

A

ascospores

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6
Q

These form from elongation of blastoconidia (constrictions).

A

pseudohyphae

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7
Q

These are the beginning of true hyphae (no constrictions) .

A

germ tubes

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8
Q

If molds look fuzzy or wooly macroscopically and have entertwined hyphae this is also known as what?

A

Mass of mycelia

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9
Q

These are crosswalls that are present in hyphae.

A

septate

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10
Q

This means crosswalls are absent (or sparse), aka coenocytic

A

aseptate

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11
Q

This means hyphae growth within the surface of the medium (agar).

A

vegetative

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12
Q

These hyphae filaments extend above the agar surface (on top).

A

aerial

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13
Q

These hyphae are nonpigmented or slightly pigmented.

A

hyaline

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14
Q

These hyphae are dark or black (melanin) on the reverse side of the colony.

A

dematiaceous

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15
Q

These hyphae break or fragment; look like floating logs in a river

A

Arthroconidia

16
Q

These are round and thick-walled conidia that form directly within or at the ends of hyphae; example includes Candida albicans

A

chlamydoconidia

17
Q

This is a specialized part of the hyphal filament that gives rise to conidia.

A

conidiophore

18
Q

What stains hair, skin, and nails and also breaks down keratin leaving an outline of the hyphae?

A

KOH

19
Q

What stains patient specimens, chitin, using a fluorescent dye?

A

Calcofluor White

20
Q

What stains the capsule of Cryptococcus in patient specimens?

A

India Ink

21
Q

In this patient specimen stain, yeast stains blue.

A

Giemsa stain

22
Q

All yeasts and hyphae turn brown-black with this patient specimen stain.

A

GMS (Gomori’s Methenamine Silver)

23
Q

What is the best way to culture blood and bone marrow?

A

Isolator (lysis centrifugation)

24
Q

What is the best way to culture hair, skin, and nails (dermatophyte infections)?

A

scrape outer edge of skin lesion and use 10-20% KOH

25
Q

What two types of fungal isolation media do we use most commonly?

A

sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA or SAB) and potato dextrose (PDA) or Potato Flake (PFA)

26
Q

What are the incubation requirements for molds and yeast?

A

mold: 22-25’C
yeast: 37’C

27
Q

Describe what molds look like macroscopically?

A

fluffy and fuzzy (aerial mycelia)

28
Q

Describe what yeast looks like macroscopically?

A

usually creamy (sometimes dry)

29
Q

What is the best method to view molds?

A

slide cultures with LPCB (lactophenol cotton blue)

30
Q

why do we see more recent cases of mycoses?

A

the host has changed, not the fungi

31
Q

How do people get mycoses?

A

inhalation of mold condida most common way of mold infections

32
Q

Describe fungal treatment, including common azole.

A

many agents are toxic to patients because cell wall structure so similar; common cause of renal toxicity= Amphotericin B

33
Q

What is the most common antimicrobial susceptibility test of fungi?

A

broth dilution (standard method)

34
Q

Most yeast like fungi stain gram ______.

A

Positive

35
Q

Why do we use a class II safety hood when handling these organisms?

A

airborne conidia can cause infections with inhalation

36
Q

What is CSAB (SAB with antimicrobials) used in lab?

A

Cyclohexamide inhibits bacteria and environmental fungi

37
Q

What agar is used to examine yeast phase of dimorphics?

A

BHI with blood

38
Q

What two other methods, besides slide culture, can you use to observe molds microscopically?

A

Tease mount in LPCB and cellophane tape preparation with LPCB

Mycology (24 decks)

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