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Mycology > Blood and tissue nematodes > Flashcards

Blood and tissue nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

General Characteristic of Blood and tissue nematodes.

A

Not common in U.S.
Often from eating undercooked beef, fish, pork
Man often an accidental or intermediate host

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2
Q

Common name for Trichinella spp.

A

Trichinosis

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3
Q

Usually caused by ingestion of raw/undercooked Pork, bear and other meat.

A

Trichinella spp.

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4
Q

Life cycle of Trichinella spp.

A

Larvae released in intestines –> encapsulate in striated muscle (active muscles, eye, diaphragm)

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5
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Trichinella spp.

A

Few symptoms while intestinal phase (diarrhea, abdominal discomfort)
Triad of symptoms:
-Periorbital edema, muscle pain & tenderness, eospinophilia.

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6
Q

Trichinella spp. : Diagnosis

A

Muscle biopsy (encysted larvae)

  • squash prep (spiral form)
  • Cross-sectioned mounts
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7
Q

Is stool specimen choice of the blood and tissue nematodes?

A

NOOOOO

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8
Q

Common name for Dracunculus medinensis.

A

Guiney worm

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9
Q

Largest adult Nematode

A

Dracunculus medinensis

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10
Q

Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis.

A

Humans ingest copepod (cyclops spp)–> female migrates to surface of arm/leg to release larvae into water–> larvae ingested by copepod

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11
Q

Drancunculus medinensis: Diagnosis

A

Blister like papula on arm/leg
very painful/debilitating-while female discharge larvae
NO STOOL

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12
Q

Treatment of Drancunculus medinensis

A

Winding worm around stick

secondary infection is common if breakage of worm occurs

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13
Q

Prevention of Drancunculus medinensis

A

Filtration of water to remove copepods and covering water source from copepods and infected people

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14
Q

This is normally found in raccoons and common in the United States.

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

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15
Q

Treatment and diagnosis of Baylisascaris procyonis

A

No known treatment and diagnosis usually on autopsy

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16
Q

This is very serious zoonotic in humans, esp children and very resistance so have to spray with acetone and xylene.

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

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17
Q

Diagnosis of Baylisascaris procyonis infection

A

Epidemiology (exposure to raccoons??) and larvae in tissue sections . Potential biological warfare agent!!!!

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18
Q

Adults living in various lymphatic or other tissues.

A

Filariae

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19
Q

Microfilariae (larvae) released in _____.

A

Blood

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20
Q

Common name is Bancroftian filariasis or elephantiasis.

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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21
Q

What is the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayii?

A

Mosquito

22
Q

Clinical manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofti.

A

Swelling of genitalia and/or lower extremities (lymphatics)

chronic infections lead to elephantiasis

23
Q

Life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayii.

A

Adults live in lymphatics-> obstruction of lymphatics (esp. lower extremities)
Female worms release microfilariae into blood that ingested by mosquito where the parasite completes it’s life cycle.

24
Q

Diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti.

A

Microfilariae are sheathed, no nuclei at tip of tail, cephalic space

25
Q

Common name is Brugian filariasis or elephantiasis

A

Brugia malayi

26
Q

Clinical manifestation of Brugia malayii.

A

distal extremity involvement (below elbow and knee)

27
Q

Diagnosis of Brugia malayii.

A

Microfilariae are sheathed, space between last two nuclei at tip of tail, cephalic space

28
Q

Common name for Loa loa

A

African eyeworm

29
Q

What is the vector of Loa loa?

A

Fly

30
Q

Clinical manifestations of Loa loa.

A

Calabar swellings

31
Q

Life cycle of Loa loa.

A

adults migrate through subcutaneous tissue (calabar swellings and migration across eye)

32
Q

Diagnosis of Loa loa.

A

Microfilariae are sheathed, nuclei continuous to tip of tail.

33
Q

Common name of Onchocerca vulvulus

A

Onchocercosis or River blindness

34
Q

This is most common cause of blindness in Africa

A

Onchocereca vulvulus

35
Q

How is Onchocereca vulvulus transmitted?

A

By black or buffalo fly

36
Q

Clinical manifestation of Onchocereca vulvulus.

A

Tumors in subcutaneous tissues, leopard skin, nodules, blindness

37
Q

Diagnosis of Onchocereca vulvulus

A

Skin snip; microfilariae are non-sheathed, no nuclei in tip of tail

38
Q

This is transmitted by midges or blackfly and cause some rash, slight fever, non serious infections.

A

Mansonella species

39
Q

This has no microfilariae sheath but have to differentiate from Onchocerca by position of nuclei.

A

Mansonella species

40
Q

Common name of Dirofilaria immitis.

A

Dog heartworm

41
Q

Most common in Indiana and vector is mosquito.

A

Dirofilaria immitis

42
Q

____ live in chambers of dog’s heart (infraction). ____ in blood.

A

Adults; microfilariae

43
Q

Flattened dorsoventrally

A

Lice

44
Q

Flattened laterally, Large hind legs for jumping, 3 pair of clawed legs, and transmit bacterial infections

A

Fleas

45
Q

Three types of louse.

A

Body, head, pubic louse

46
Q

This is Pediculus humanus, nits deposited clothing, transmitted host to host

A

Body louse

47
Q

This is Pediculus capitus, Nits found on hair, and use wood lamp to fluoresce

A

head louse

48
Q

This is Phthiris pubis, and microscopically carbs.

A

Pubic louse

49
Q

This has chitenous shield, mouth parts attached to fused body, 4 pair legs in adults (3 in larvae) and usually transmits diseases (RMSF, Lyme, Babesiosis)

A

Ticks

50
Q

No chitenous shielf, have short legs, burrows in skin and lays eggs.

A

Mites

51
Q

Causes scabies due to host to host crowded coniditons and poor hygienes

A

Mites

52
Q

Types of Arachnida.

A

Ticks, mites, spiders, and scorpions

Mycology (24 decks)

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