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Mycology > Dermatophytes > Flashcards

Dermatophytes Flashcards

1
Q

fungi that infect superficial areas of body, such as hair, skin and nails

A

dermatophyte

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2
Q

Infection of keratinized tissue

A

dermatophytosis

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3
Q

Infections of the head

A

tinea capitis

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4
Q

infections of the body

A

tinea corporis

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5
Q

infections of the beard

A

tinea barbae

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6
Q

infections of the groin (jock itch)

A

tinea cruris

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7
Q

infections of the foot (athlete’s foot)

A

tinea pedis

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8
Q

infections of the nail

A

tinea unguium

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9
Q

nail infection by non-dermatophytes

A

onchomycosis

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10
Q

Dermatophyte infections are commonly referred to as “tinea” or “_______”

A

ringworm

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11
Q

why do dermatophytes generally only infect hair, skin and nails?

A

They use keratin as nitrogen source

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12
Q

What is the most common of human fungal infections

A

dermatophyte

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13
Q

What are the three ways to identify a dermatophyte infection?

A
  • Direct physical examination
  • Lab examination of specimen (skin scraping, hair, toenail)
  • Culture
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14
Q

What are 4 Direct Physical Exams

A
  1. Wood’s lamp (UV)
  2. Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
  3. Calcoflour white - fungi fluoresce
  4. Exam of hair for ectothrix or endothrix invasion
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15
Q

In Wood’s Lamp Exam:

  • Microsporum in hair fluoresces ________
  • Skin with tine versicolor fluoresces ________
  • Trichophyton fluoresces _________
A
  • yellow-green
  • yellow
  • does NOT fluoresce
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16
Q

Culture:

- what medium and what does it do?

A

Primary isolation medium + cyclohexamide to kill skin contaminants (CSAB) (Mycosel or Mycobiotic Agar)

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17
Q

Culture:

- incubation time?

A

2-4 weeks (recommended 30 days)

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18
Q

Most identifications are by ______ ______

A

microscopic morphology (microconidia/macroconidia)

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19
Q

Trichophyton infects what?

A

hair, skin, and nail (especially feet and nails)

20
Q

Trichophyton:

- Microconidia vs Macroconidia

A

Microconidia: important for identification
Macroconidia: rarely helpful

21
Q

Trichophyton:

  • other tests available?
  • does it fluoresce with Wood’s lamp?
A
  • Biochemical tests available

- does NOT fluoresce

22
Q

Second most common cause of dermatophytosis

A

Trichophyton rubrum

23
Q

Trichophyton rubrum:

- Reverse

A

most are cherry red (>3 weeks)

24
Q

Trichophyton rubrum:

- What do they look like?

A

tiny teardrop microconidia; “birds on a wire”

25
Q

Trichophyton rubrum

- Urease reaction

A

negative

26
Q

Trichophyton rubrum

- Hair perforation reaction

A

Negative

27
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes:

- 2 types of colonies

A
  • downy: from feet

- granular: infection spread from animals

28
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes:

- reverse

A

May be red/brown (medium dependent)

29
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes:

- microscopic mold appearance

A
  • hyphae may be spiral shaped
  • tear-shaped microconidia often in grape like clusters
  • macroconidia cigar shaped
30
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes:

- urease reaction

A

Positive

31
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes:

- hair perforation test reaction

A

Positive

32
Q

1 cause of tinea capitis in US (especially children) and wrestlers, hence “tinea gladiotorium)

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

33
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans:

- Colonies

A

Buff/brown (May be rust colored on reverse), wrinkled or cratered

34
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans:

- Microconidia appearance

A

Elongated balloons or stretched teardrops

35
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans:

- grows poorly on most media, growth enhanced by __________

A

Thiamin (T4 agar vs T1 agar)

36
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans:

- any hair infection?

A

Endothrix infection (fungus inside hair shaft), hair brakes at scalp ( “Black dot”)

37
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum:

- causes tinea ______

A

Capitus (another cause of “black dot”)

38
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum:

- what type of people are at risk

A

Cattle/dairy workers

39
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum:

- lesions often misdiagnosed as what type of infection

A

Staph infection

40
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum:

- microscopic appearance

A

“antler hyphae” and chlamdoconidia “armadillo/rat tails”

41
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum:

- Will it grow at 37°C

A
  • growth is enhanced at 37°C
42
Q

Trichophyton schoenleinii:

- what infection does it cause

A
  • causes favus (tinea capitus) - scarring and permanent hair loss (yellow, thickened, cup shaped crusts)
43
Q

Trichophyton schoenleinii:

- colony appearance

A

Gray and waxy

44
Q

Trichophyton schoenleinii:

- microscopic appearance

A
  • conidia are rare, club/antler shaped hyphae and “favic chandeliers”
  • branching hyphae seen within hairs (tunnels)
45
Q

Trichophyton schoenleinii:

- common in what countries

A

Appalachia and Scandinavian countries

Mycology (24 decks)

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