What did the initial hypothesis propose about SCZ?
That schizophrenia was caused by an excess of the neurotransmitter dopamine
What were symptoms of SCZ related to?
Symptoms of SCZ were related to high levels of dopamine
What did the supporting research in 1968 by J.J. Griffith involve?
He induced psychosis by giving
Non-schizophrenic volunteers dextro-amphetamine (a drug that increases dopamine)
What were the findings of the supporting research in 1968 by J.J. Griffith?
Volunteers developed paranoid delusions and showed cold, detached emotional responses
What is the negative about the initial dopamine hypothesis?
- It was considered too simplistic
- Evidence showed that drugs reducing dopamine levels had little or no effect on individuals primarily suffering from the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Where are the D1-D5 receptors found?
In the sub-cortical regions and the cerebral cortex
e.g limbic system
What did Seeman and Lee (1975) highlight?
They highlighted the impact of anti-psychotic drugs on D2 receptors
What is the Limbic System
Subcortical structures that are involved in emotions, memory formation and arousal
what do nerve pathways in the limbic system attach to?
Nerve pathways from the limbic system connect to other subcortical structures and the cerebral cortex
what are the 2 main pathways associated with schizo
Two of the main pathways associated with schizophrenia include the mesolimbic pathway and the mesocortical pathway
what is the mesolimbic pathway and how does it link to schizo
- This pathway carries dopamine signals from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens.
- Too much dopamine in this pathway can cause overstimulation, leading to positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions.
- Antipsychotic drugs target this pathway to reduce dopamine activity and alleviate these symptoms.
What is the mesocortical pathway
- This pathway carries dopamine from the ventral tegmental area to the frontal lobe.
- It plays a key role in emotion, motivation, and cognition.
- According to Kenneth Davis et al. (1991), people with schizophrenia often have too little dopamine in the D1 receptors of the frontal lobe.
- This dopamine deficit is linked to negative symptoms (like flat affect) and cognitive impairments.
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3.1.0 CRIME18
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3.1.1 Bio exp. 1 : inherited criminality31
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3.1.1 Bio exp.1: Inherited Criminality Evaluation17
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3.1.1 Bio exp. 2 : Role of the Amygdala14
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3.1.1 Bio exp. 2: Role of the Amygdala evaluation6
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3.1.2 Individual differences exp. 1: Cognitive Factors26
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3.1.2 Individual differences exp. 1: Cognitive Factors Evaluation8
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3.1.2 Individual differences exp. 2: Esyenck's Criminal Personality11
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3.1.2 Individual differences exp. 2: Esyenck's Criminal Personality Evaluation10
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3.1.3 Social exp. 1: Differential Association Theory12
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3.1.3 Social exp. 1: Differential Association Theory Evaluation10
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3.1.3 Social exp. 2: Gender Socialisation11
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3.1.3 Social exp. 2: Gender Socialisation Evaluation7
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3.1.4 Method 1: Restorative Justice14
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3.1.4 Method 1: Restorative Justice Evaluation16
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3.1.4 Method 2: Anger Management12
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3.1.4 Method 2: Anger Management Evaluation8
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3.2.0 ADDICTION1
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3.2.1 Characteristics of Addiction14
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3.2.2 Bio exp. 1: Dopamine17
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3.2.2 Bio exp. 1: Dopamine Evaluation0
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3.2.2 Bio exp. 2. Genetics0
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3.2.2 Bio exp. 2. Genetics Evaluation0
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3.2.3 Individual Differences: Personality0
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3.2.3 Individual Differences: Personality Evaluation0
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3.2.3 Individual Differences: Cognitive0
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3.2.3 Individual Differences: Cognitive Evaluation0
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3.2.4 Social: Peer Influences0
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3.2.4 Social: Peer Influences Evaluation0
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3.2.4 Social: Role of the Media0
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3.2.4 Social: Role of the Media Evaluation0
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3.2.5 Method: Agonists & Antagonists0
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3.2.5 Method: Agonists & Antagonists Evaluation0
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3.2.5 Method: Aversion Therapy0
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3.2.5 Method: Aversion Therapy Evaluation0
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3.3.0 SCHIZOPHRENIA25
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3.3.1 Bio exp.1: Dopamine Hypothesis13
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3.3.1 Bio exp.1: Dopamine Hypothesis Evaluation7
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3.3.1 Bio exp.2: Structural Abnormalities12
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3.3.1 Bio exp.2: Structural Abnormalities Evaluation0
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3.3.2 Individual Diff. exp.1: Schizophregenic mother- psychodynamic0
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3.3.2 Individual Diff. exp.1: Schizophregenic mother Eval.0
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3.3.2 Individual Diff. exp.2: Cognitive Explanations0
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3.3.2 Individual Diff. exp.2: Cognitive Explanations Evaluation0
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3.3.3 Social exp. 1: Dysfunctional Families0
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3.3.3 Social exp. 1: Dysfunctional families eval.0
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3.3.3 Social exp. 2: Sociocultural Factors1
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3.3.3 Social exp. 2: Sociocultural Factors eval.0
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3.3.4 Method 1: Antipsychotic drugs6
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3.3.4 Method 1: Antipsychotic Drugs eval.0
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3.3.4 Method 2: CBT1
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3.3.4 Method 2: CBT eval.0
