Chapter 4

Question 0

stage of prenatal development from approx. the 3RD-8TH WEEK AFTER CONCEPTION, during which these basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop

Answer 0

embryonic period

Question 1

1ST 2-WEEKS;… of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division & the beginning of cell differention

Answer 1

germinal period

Question 2

stage of prenatal development from the 9TH WEEK AFTER CONCEPTION UNTIL BIRTH, during which the fetus gains about 7 lbs. & organs become more mature, gradually able to function on their own

Answer 2

fatal period

Question 3

the process beginning about 10 DAYS AFTER CONCEPTION in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus where it can be nourished & protected as it continues to develop

Answer 3

implantation

Question 4

name for a developing human organism from about the 3RD-8TH WEEK AFTER CONCEPTION

Answer 4

embryo

Question 5

name for a developing human organism from the start of the 9th week after conception until birth

Answer 5

fetus

Question 6

an image of a fetus (or an internal organ) produced by using high-frequency sound waves (also called sonogram)

Answer 6

ultrasound

Question 7

age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus might survive outside the mothers uterus if specialized medical care is available

Answer 7

age of viability

Question 8

a quick assessment of a new borns health. The baby’s color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone, & respiratory effort are given a score of 0,1, or 2 twice- at 1 min & 5min after birth- & each time the total of all 5 scores is compared w/ the maximum score of 10 (rarely attained)

Answer 8

Apgar Scale

Question 9

a surgical birth, in which incisions through the mothers abdomen & uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, instead of being delivered through the vagina

Answer 9

cesarean section (C-section)

Question 10

woman trained to support the laboring woman

Answer 10

doula

Question 11

an agent or condition, including viruses, drugs, & chemicals, that can impair prenatal development & result in birth defects or even death

Answer 11

teratogen

Question 12

agents & conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the picture child’s intellectual & emotional functioning

Answer 12

behavioral teratogens

Question 13

in prenatal development, when a teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes a harmful once exposure reaches a certain level (the threshold)

Answer 13

threshold effect

Question 14

cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, & reduced intellectual ability, that may occur in the fetus of a woman who drinks alcohol while pregnant

Answer 14

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 15

the result of a laboratory test that reports something as true when in fact it is not true. this can occur for pregnancy tests, when a woman might be pregnant even though the test says she is, or during pregnancy when a problem is reported that actually does not exist

Answer 15

false positive

Question 16

body weight at birth of less than 5 1/2 lbs

Answer 16

low birthweight (LBW)

Question 17

body weight at birth of less that 3 lbs, 5 oz

Answer 17

very low birthweight (VLBW)

Question 18

body weight at birth of less than 2 lbs, 3 oz

Answer 18

extremely low birthweight (ELBW)

Question 19

birth that occurs 3 or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy- that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception

Answer 19

preterm

Question 20

term for a baby whose birth weight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception. ex, a 5lb newborn is considered SGA if born on time but not SGA if born 2 months early (also called small-for-dates)

Answer 20

small for gantational age (SGA)