Chapter 7

Question 0

primary stress hormone; fluctuations in the body’s cortisol level affect human emotion

Answer 0

cortisol

Question 1

smile evoked by a human face, normally 1st evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth

Answer 1

social smile

Question 2

an infants distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9-14 months

Answer 2

separation anxiety

Question 3

an infants expression of concern- a quiet stare while clinging to a familiar person, or a look of fear- when a stranger appears

Answer 3

stranger wariness

Question 4

persons realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, & actions are separate from those of other people

Answer 4

self-awareness

Question 5

inborn differences between one person & another in emotions, activity, & self regulation. It is measured by the persons typical responses to the environment

Answer 5

temperament

Question 6

according to Ainsworth, “an affectionate tie” that an infant forms w/ a caregiver- a tie that binds them together in space & endures over time

Answer 6

attachment

Question 7

relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort & confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver

Answer 7

secure attachment

Question 8

laboratory procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants reactions to the stress of various adults comings & goings in an unfamiliar playroom

Answer 8

strange situation

Question 9

seeking info about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else’s expressions & reactions. That other person becomes a social reference.

Answer 9

social referencing

Question 10

Erikson’s 1st crisis of psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, etc.) are met

Answer 10

trust versus mistrust

Question 11

Erikson’s 2nd crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self rule over their actions & their bodies

Answer 11

autonomy vs. shame & doubt

Question 12

acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of bodies

Answer 12

social learning

Question 13

the experiences a child has has to do w/ it’s mood “fit between a Childs temperament & their experiences”

Answer 13

goodness of fit

Question 14

caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby, w/ frequent holding & touching

Answer 14

proximal parenting

Question 15

caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food, food & face-to-face communication w/ minimal holding & touching

Answer 15

distal parenting

Question 16

patty cake & peek a boo

Answer 16

synchroning