Chapter 8

Question 0

long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left & right hemispheres of the brain & allows communication between them

Answer 0

corpus callosum

Question 1

process by which axons become coated w/ myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron

Answer 1

myelination

Question 2

literally, sidedness, referring to the specialization in the certain functions by each side of the brain, w/ one side dormant for each activity. the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, & vice versa

Answer 2

lateralization

Question 3

ability to postpone or deny the immediate response to an idea or behavior

Answer 3

impulse control

Question 4

tendency to persevere in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time

Answer 4

preservation

Question 5

practices that are aimed at anticipating, controlling & preventing dangerous activities; these practices reflect the birds that accidents are not random & that injuries can be made less harmful if proper controls are in place

Answer 5

injury control/harm reduction

Question 6

actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, disease, or abuse

Answer 6

primary prevention

Question 7

actions that Avery harm in a high-risk situation, such as stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian

Answer 7

secondary prevention

Question 8

actions, such as immediate & effective medical treatment, that are taken after an adverse event (such as illness or injury) & that are aimed at reducing harm or preventing disability

Answer 8

tertiary prevention

Question 9

intentional harm to or avoid endangerment of anyone under 18 years of age

Answer 9

child maltreatment

Question 10

deliberate action that is harmful to a Childs physical, emotional, or sexual well-being

Answer 10

child abuse

Question 11

failure to meet a child’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs

Answer 11

child neglect

Question 12

harm or endangerment that has been reported, investigated, & verified

Answer 12

substantiated maltreatment

Question 13

harm or endangerment about which someone has notified the authorities

Answer 13

reported maltreatment

Question 14

an anxiety disorder that develops as a delayed reaction to having experienced or witnessed a profoundly shocking or frightening event, such as rape, severe beating, war or natural disaster.

Answer 14

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 15

an effort by child-welfare authorities to find a long-term living situation that will provide stability & support for a maltreated child

Answer 15

permanency planning

Question 16

a legal, publicly supported system in which a maltreated child is removed from the parents’ custody & entrusted to another adult or family, which is reimbursed for expenses incurred in meeting the child’s needs

Answer 16

foster care

Question 17

form of foster care in which a relative of a relative of a maltreated child, usually a grandparent, becomes the approved caregiver

Answer 17

kinship care

Question 18

legal proceeding in which an adult or couple is granted the joys & obligations of being that child’s parent(s)

Answer 18

adoption