Chapter 5

Question 0

point on the ranking scale of 0-100

Answer 0

percentile

Question 1

biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth

Answer 1

head-sparing

Question 2

great but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infant’s brain during the first 2 years of life

Answer 2

transient exuberance

Question 3

when applied to brain development, the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy & die

Answer 3

pruning

Question 4

brain functions depend on particular, variable experiences & therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant

Answer 4

experience-dependent brain functions

Question 5

brain functions require certain basic common experiences (which an infant can be expected to have) in order to develop normally

Answer 5

experience-expectant brain functions

Question 6

life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back & forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain & breaks neural connections

Answer 6

shaken baby syndrome

Question 7

bile passed w/in first hours after birth

Answer 7

meconium

Question 8

secreted through breast milk w/in first few days containing antibodies to boost immune system

Answer 8

colostrum

Question 9

inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit; literally, to return to sitting or standing upright after being tipped over

Answer 9

self-righting

Question 10

a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, & rapid brain waves

Answer 10

REM sleep

Question 11

response of a sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus

Answer 11

sensation

Question 12

mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation

Answer 12

perception

Question 13

ability to focus the 2 eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image

Answer 13

binocular vision

Question 14

learned abilities to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a ticket of the eyelid

Answer 14

motor skills

Question 15

physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking & jumping

Answer 15

gross motor skills

Question 16

physical abilities involving small body movements, especially if the hands & fingers, such as drawing & picking up a coin

Answer 16

fine motor skill

Question 17

primes the body’s immune system to resist a particular disease

Answer 17

immunization

Question 18

when a person does not consume enough food to sustain normal growth

Answer 18

protein-calorie malnutrition

Question 19

failure of children to grow to a normal height for their age due to severe & chronic malnutrition

Answer 19

stunting

Question 20

tendency for children to be severely underweight for their age as a result of malnutrition

Answer 20

wasting

Question 21

disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, & the infant eventually dies

Answer 21

marasmus

Question 22

disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, & influenza

Answer 22

kwashiorkor

Question 23

situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, usually between 2 & 6 months old, suddenly stops breathing & dies unexpectedly while asleep

Answer 23

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 24

first bowel movement a couple hours after birth

Answer 24

meconium

Question 25

waxy substance that clings to lanugo prior to birth

Answer 25

vernix caseosa

Question 26

soft hairs that grow on the surface of the fetus before birth to protect the skin

Answer 26

lanugo