Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy II > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Briefly explain the portal circulation

A
  1. venous blood from unpaired abdominal organs (stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen) absorbed by intestine
  2. carried to v. portae
  3. collected in capillary bed in liver
  4. collected by vv. hepaticae
  5. conveyed to v. cava inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1 - 5

A

1) apex cordis
2) basis cordis
3) sulcus coronarius
4) sulcus interventricularis anterior
5) sulcus interventricularis posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 - 10

How is #8 called inside?

A

6) truncus pulmonalis
7) sinus trunci pulmonalis
8) conus arteriosus → inside: infundibulum cordis
9) atrium dextrum
10) ventriculus dexter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

11 - 14

A

11) aorta
12) v. cava superior
13) auricula sinistra
14) auricula dextra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 - 5

A

1) aorta ascendens
2) arcus aorticus
3) truncus pulmonalis
4) a. pulmonalis sinistra
5) truncus brachiocephalicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6 - 10

A

6) a. carotis communis dextra
7) a. subclavia dextra
8) a. carotis communis sinistra
9) a. subclavia sinistra
10) lig. arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1 - 5

A

1) arcus aorticus
2) aorta descendens
3) aorta ascendens
4) truncus brachiocephalicus
5) a. carotis communis sinistra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

6 - 10

A

6) a. subclavia sinistra
7) v. cava superior
8) a. pulmonalis dextra
9) a. pulmonalis sinistra
10) v. cava inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

11 - 15

A

11) vv. pulmonales dextrae
12) vv. pulmonales sinistrae
13) atrium dextrum
14) atrium sinistrum
15) sulcus coronarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

16 - 20

A

16) sinus coronarius
17) sulcus terminalis
18) auricula sinistra
19) sinus transverus pericardii
20) ventriculus sinister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

21 - 25

A

21) ventriculus dexter
22) sulcus interventricularis posterior
23) apex cordis
24) basis cordis
25) truncus pulmonalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1 - 5

A

1) v. cava superior
2) v. cava inferior
3) sinus coronarius
4) vv. pulmonales dextrea
5) vv. pulmonales sinistrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

6 - 10

What forms #6?

A

6) crista terminalis → outside: sulcus terminalis
7) mm. pectinati
8) sinus venarum cavarum
9) valvula Eustachii
10) valvula Thebesii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

11 - 15

Give another name for #11.

A

11) valva artrioventricularis dextra → tricuspid valve
12) chordae tendinae
13) m. pappilaris anterior
14) m. pappilaris septalis
15) m. pappilaris posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

16 - 20

Give another name for #17.

A

16) trabeculae carnae
17) trabecula septomarginalis → moderator band
18) septum interventriculare pars muscularis
19) septum interventriculare pars membranacea
20) septum artrioventriculare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

22 - 25

Give another name for #25.

A

22) septum interartriale
23) limbus fossae ovalis
24) fossa ovalis
25) valva artrioventricularis sinistra → bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

26 - 28

A

26) m. pappilaris anterior
27) m. pappilaris posterior
28) thicker wall of right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the structure of a semilunar valve

Give another name for the smallest part

A
  • pars densa: lower part
  • pars flaccida: upper part
    • 2 lunuli: thickened edges
    • 1 nodulus (=corpus Arantii): closes cusps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The inflow and outflow tract of the right ventricle are divided by.. ?

A
  • crista supraventricularis
  • trabecula septomarginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The inflow and outflow tract of the left ventricle is divided by.. ?

How is the structure called?

A

anterior cusp of bicuspid valve

→ vestibulum aortae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which vessel leaves the left ventricle?

A

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 layers that make up the heart wall?

A
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which structures make up the myocardium?

A
  • atrial muscle
  • ventricular muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Differentiate btw atrial muscle layers

A
  • deep layer: surrounding each atrium
  • superficial layer: covers both atria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Differentiate btw ventricle muscle layers

A
  • stratum subendocardiale: forms trabeculae carnae, mm. papillares, sulcus coronarius, sulcus interventricularis ant./post
  • stratum musculare: only septum interventr., wall of left ventricle
  • stratum subepicardiale: forms vortex cordis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the structure of the endocardium

A

= continuation of inner layer of wall vessels, therefore:

  • endothelium
  • conn. tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe the structure and function of the epicardium

A
  • mesothelium
  • conn. tissue
  • adipose tissue → smoothes unevenness of heart surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of the cardiac skeleton?

A
  • electrical insulation of atria/ventricles
  • attachment site for:
    • myocardium
    • leaflets and cusps of valves
  • keeps orifices of valves stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

1 - 5

A

1) valva atrioventricularis dextra
2) valva atrioventricularis sinistra
3) valva aortae
4) valva pulmonalis
5) cuspis anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

6 - 10

A

6) cuspis posterior
7) cuspis commisuralis
8) cuspis anterior
9) cuspis posterior
10) cuspis septalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

11 - 15

A

11) cuspis semilunaris sinistra
12) cuspis semilunaris dextra
13) cuspis semilunaris posterior
14) cuspis semilunaris dextra
15) cuspis semilunaris anterior

32
Q

16 - 22

A

16) cuspis semilunaris sinistra
17) sinus trunci

18 - 20) sinus aorticus

21) a. coronaria dextra
22) a. coronaria sinistra

33
Q

23 - 27

Another name for #27?

A

23) anulus fibrosus dexter
24) anulus fibrosus sinister
25) tendo coni arteriosi
26) trigonum fibrosum dextrum
27) fasciculi atrioventricularis → bundle of HIS

34
Q

28 - 30

A

28) trigonum fibrosum sinistrum
29) lunulus valvulae semilunaris
30) nodulus valvulae semilunaris

35
Q

Where do the aa. coronaria originate from?

A

right + left semilunar valves of sinus aorticus (therefore: left ventricle)

36
Q

Where does all the deoxigenated blood from the vv. coronaria gather?

Where does this structure drain into resp.?

A

sinus coronarius → right atrium

37
Q

The veins of the heart form which structure on the posterior surface?

A

crux cordis

38
Q

1 - 5

A

1) v. cava superior
2) truncus pulmonalis
3) aorta
4) v. cava inferior
5) apex cordis

39
Q

6 - 11

A

6) apex cordis
8) a. coronaria sinistra
9) a. coronaria dextra
10) r. interventricularis anterior
11) r. interventricularis posterior

40
Q

12 - 16

A

12) r. circumflexus
13) r. marginalis dexter
14) r. marginalis sinister
15) rr. atriales
16) r. atrialis anastomicus

41
Q

17 - 21

Another name for #21?

A

17) rr. ventriculares
18) r. lateralis
19) rr. interventriculares septales
20) rr. atrioventriculares
21) v. obliqua atrii sinistra (= Marshall vein)

42
Q

How is heart dominance determined?

Describe the variations

A

Determined by supply of r. interventricularis posterior and AV-node. Usually (70%) right dominance

  • right dominance: supplied by a. coronaria dextra
  • left dominance: supplied by r. circumflexus (of a. coronaria sinistra)
  • co-dominance: supplied by both
43
Q

22 - 25

A

22) v. cordis magna
23) sinus coronarius
24) v. cordis parva
25) v. cordis magna

44
Q

What is the name of the structure btw v. pulmonalis dextra and right atrium?

A

Waterston’s groove

45
Q

List the innervation/conduction of the heart step by step

A
  1. para-/sympathetic innervation pathway
  2. plexus cardiacus
  3. SA-node
  4. AV-node
  5. bundle of HIS
  6. crus dextrum/sinistrum
  7. Purkinje fibers, mm. papillares, myocardium
46
Q

Which structures make up the sympathetic innervation pathway?

Where do they fuse?

What is their function?

A

Structures

  • n. cardiacus cervicalis superior / medius / inferior
  • rr. cardiaci thoraci
  • ganglion stellatum (= fusion of inf. cerv. ganglion + first thoracic ganglion at C7 level)

→ fuse in plexus cardiacus

Function

increase heart rate

47
Q

Which structures make up the parasympathetic innervation pathway?

Where do they fuse?

What is their function?

A

Structures

  • n. vagus
  • rr. cardiaci thoraci

→ fuse in plexus cardiacus

Function

decrease heart rate

48
Q

How can plexus cardiacus be differentied?

Where are these parts located?

A
  • superficial part: in front of a. pulmonalis dextra
  • deep part: behind arcus aorticus
49
Q

1 - 5

Another name for #1 - 3

A

1) nodus sinuatrialis (= SA-node)
2) nodus atrioventricularis (=AV-node)
3) fasciculus atrioventricularis (=bundle of HIS)
4) crus dextrum
5) crus sinistrum

50
Q

6 - 8

Another name for #6

A

6) trabecula septomarginalis (= moderator-band)
7) Purkinje fibers
8) septum interventriculare pars muscularis

51
Q

GIve different names for nodus sinuatrialis.

Where is it located?

A
  • SA-node, cardiac pacemaker, Keith-Flack-node
  • located in sulcus terminalis near SVC inlet, subepicardiacally
52
Q

GIve different names for nodus atrioventricularis.

Where is it located?

It is innervated by.. ?

A
  • AV-node, Aschoff-Tawara-node
  • located in Koch’s triangle, sub-endocardially
  • innervated by myocardium of right atrium
53
Q

What are the borders of Koch’s triangle

A
  • superiorly: tendon of Todaro
  • inferiorly: tricuspid valve anulus
  • posteriorly: valva Thebesii
54
Q

What does the tendon of Todaro connect?

A

trigonum fibrosum dextrum → valva Eustachii

55
Q

Give another name for fasciculus atrioventricularis.

Where is it located?

A
  • bundle of HIS
  • located in trigonum fibrosum dextrum
56
Q

Give another name for crus dextrum/sinistrum.

Which structures are innervated by crus dextrum/sinistrum?

Name a special feature of crus dextrum and what does it innervate?

A

= right/left Tawara crus

  • mm. papillares (through Purkinje fibers)
  • myocardium

crus dextrum innervates trabecula septomarginalis → m. papillaris ant.

57
Q

1 - 5

Give another name for #4

A

1) pericardium serosum → lamina parietalis/visceralis
2) pericardium fibrosum
3) porta arteriosa
4) porta venosa (= Sappey’s T)
5) truncus pulmonalis

58
Q

6 - 10

A

6) aorta
7) vv. pulmonales dextrae
8) vv. pulmonales sinistrae
9) v. cava superior
10) v. cava inferior

59
Q

11 - 15

What is the function of #13?

Which additional nerve not shown on the drawing innervates the pericardium?

A

11) sinus obliquus pericardii
12) n. phrenicus
13) a. + v. pericardiophrenica → blood supply of pericardium
14) n. vagus
15) lig. arteriosum

→ truncus sympathicus

60
Q

16 - 18

A

16) centrum tendineum (caudal border)
17) cavitas pleuralis (lateral borders)
18) sinus transversus pericardii

61
Q

What are the caudal, ventral, dorsal and lateral borders of the pericardium fibrosum?

It is attached to its ventral border by.. ?

A
  • caudally: centrum tendineum
  • ventrally: sternum (attached to by ligg. sternopericardiaca)
  • dorsally: trachea, spine
  • laterally: cavitas pleuralis
62
Q

Why is the sinus transversus pericardii of clinical importance?

A

allows surgeon to his fingers in and applies a ligature to stop the circulation for example in heart transplantation surgeries

63
Q

What is the average weight of a male and female heart resp.?

A
  • female: 250-300g
  • male: 300-350g
64
Q

The mediastinum can be differentiated into..?

It is seperated by.. ?

List their contents.

A
  • medastinum superius: thymus, blood vessels + nerve pathways

————- angulus sterni ————-

  • mediastinum inferius:
    • ​mediastinum anterius: conn. tissue
    • mediastinum medium: heart, pericardium, loose conn. tissue, corpus adiposum retrosternalis, lymph vessels
    • mediastinum posterius: esophagus, large blood vessels + nerve pathways
65
Q

1 - 5

A

1) facies sternocostalis
2) facies diaphragmatica
3) facies posterior cordis → mainly: left atrium
4) facies pulmonales
5) mediastinum posterius

66
Q

6 - 10

A

6) mediastinum medium
7) mediastinum anterius
8) pericardium
9) heart
10) esophagus

67
Q

12 - 14

A

12) lung
13) pleura / cavitas pleuralis
14) radix pulmonis

68
Q

Why does the close relation of the left atrium to the esophagus have a clinical importance?

A

stenosis of mitral valve → enlargement left atrium → compression of esophagus → dysphagia

69
Q

What is auscultation?

Where can it be done best?

A
  • listening to heart sounds
  • best heard at point on thoracic wall closest to regarding valve → auscultation sites
70
Q

Give the location of the auscultation sites of the valves.

Give the location of another very famous auscultation site and explain when it is used.

A
  • valva aortae: right 2nd interc. space, parasternally
  • valva pulmonalis: left 2nd interc. space, parasternally
  • bicuspid valve: left 5th interc. space, midclavicular line
  • tricuspid valve: right 5th interc. space, parasternally
  • punctum quintum: (= Erb’s point) left 3rd interc. space, parasternally, esp. high freq. sounds of insufficient valva aortae / pulmonalis
71
Q

When can the heart sounds be heard?

Pathological heart sounds can be produced by.. ?

A
  • 1st heart sound: contraction phase of systole
  • 2nd herat sound: beginning diastole → closure of cuspes semilunares aortae, trunci pulmonali
  • pathological heart sounds: can be produced by stenosis / valvular insufficiency
72
Q

List the different percussion sounds and where they can be heard

A
  • absolute cardiac dullness: at sternum
  • relative cardiac dullness: at any other point of heart that is covered by lung tissue
  • “undamped” sound: at “pure” lung tissue
73
Q

1 - 5

A

1) intercostal space
2) sulcus coronarius, left edge
3) apex cordis
4) sulcus coronarius, right edge / v. cava inferior, right margin
5) v. cava superior, right margin

74
Q

6 - 10

A

6) 2 cm
7) midclavicular line
8) 2 cm
9) 2 cm
10) right atrium

75
Q

11 - 15

Give another name for #12

A

11) v. cava superior
12) arcus aorticus, aortic knuckle
13) truncus pulmonalis
14) auricula sinistra
15) left ventricle

76
Q

16 - 20

Give another name for #18

A

16) auscultation site: valva aortae
17) auscultation site: valva pulmonis
18) auscultation site: punctum quintum (= Erb’s point)
19) auscultation site: bicuspid valve
20) auscultation site: tricuspid valve

77
Q

21 - 23

A

21) valva trunci pulmonis/aortae
22) bicuspid/tricuspid valve
23) sulcus coronarius

Anatomy II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions