Neural embryology

Question 1

Vesical formation:

Prosencephalon –>

Answer 1

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Question 2

Vesical formation:

Rhombencephalon –>

Answer 2

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

Question 3

Spina bifida

Answer 3

Failure of closure of dorsal aspect of vertebral development

Question 4

Craniorachischisis

Answer 4

Most severe form of spina bifida

Neural tube not fully rolled up

Question 5

Menigomyelocoele

Answer 5

Form of spina bifida

Meninges and nervous tissue protruding

Question 6

Hemimegalencephaly

Answer 6

disorder where volume of one cerebral hemisphere is much greater than normal b/c error in control of brain cell proliferation of affected side

Question 7

Lissencephaly

Answer 7

Smooth brain
Most severe of neuronal migration disturbances
Do not survive infancy

Question 8

Pachygyria

Answer 8

Thick brain
Gyri are broad, shallow and reduced in number
Severely neurologically impaired

Question 9

Polymicrogyria

Answer 9

Many small gyri

Severe mental retardation, epilepsy

Question 10

Cortical heterotopia

Answer 10

Collections of normal appearing neurons in an abnormal location due to stalled migration route

Question 11

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Answer 11

Genetic disorder which myelin fails to form properly in both central and peripheral nervous systems during childhood.
Normal period of development –> progressive weakness, blidness, hypotonia, demetia