Frontal Cortex/Memory/Language

Question 0

Right dorsolateral PFC stroke will cause:

Answer 0

Not depressed
Unconcerned
Diminished motivation
Poor organization and planning

Question 1

Prefrontal cortex functions

Answer 1

Emotion
Planning
Decision making
Judgement
Memory...etc.

Question 2

Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex will cause:

Answer 2

Impairments of intellectual function: executive functions

Impairments of working memory

Question 3

Damage to ventromedial prefrontal sector will cause:

Answer 3

Impairments of social conduct, judgement, and decision making

Question 4

Superior medial prefrontal sector is important for:

Answer 4

initiation of movement and emotional expression

Question 5

Lesions in medial superior prefrontal region will cause:

Answer 5

Akinetic mutism: no effort to communicate, content to lie motionless or silent

Question 6

Medial temporal lobe amnesia
Impaired:
Intact:

Answer 6

Long term episodic memory. Anterograde completely impaired (60-90 sec window). Graded retrograde impairment

Sensory, motor, perception, attention, language, intellect, short term memory, IMPLICIT memory

Question 7

Left anterior thalamic infarct cause:

Answer 7

Anterograde verbal memory impairment

Question 8

Basal forebrain amnesia

Answer 8

Temporal tagging deficit: can’t remember WHEN things happened
Confabulation
Executive dysfunction

Question 9

Progressive semantic dementia caused by:

Answer 9

widespread damage in posterior cortical regions: temporal, parietal and occipital lobes

Question 10

Frontal Dysexecutive Amnesia

Answer 10

Memory capacity is retained but memory system not well utilized. “Forgets to remember” in the context of executive dysfunction.

Question 11

An acquired disturbance of the comprehension and formulation of verbal messages

Answer 11

Aphasia

Question 12

Speech not articulated clearly due to central or peripheral motor defect. Language is intact.

Answer 12

Dysarthria

Question 13

No articulation due to central motor defect. Sounds like a whisper.

Answer 13

Aphemia

Question 14

Verbal or semantic paraphasia

Answer 14

substitution of entire words

Question 15

Phonemic paraphasia

Answer 15

substitution, addition or omission of a phoneme within a word (“table –> taber)

Question 16

Neologism

Answer 16

production of novel word

Question 17

Perseveration

Answer 17

Inappropriate repetition

Common in anterior prefrontal lesion

Question 18

Echololia

Answer 18

Repetition of last word of a sentence

Common in anterior prefrontal lesions

Question 19

Type of aphasia?
Non-fluent speech
Initiation of speech is difficult
Paraphasic
Agrammatic
Telegraphic: little words left out
Repetition, naming, writing defective
Comprehension relatively preserved

Answer 19

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 20

Type of aphasia?
Speech is fluent, well articulated, easily initiated 
Semantic, phonemic, neologistic errors 
Few specific nouns are produced 
Impaired naming and repetition 
Comprehension impaired
Alexia and agraphia

Answer 20

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 21

Type of aphasia?
Cannot speak but will attempt to or communicate by other means
Cannot understand spoken or written language

Answer 21

Global Aphasia

Question 22

Type of aphasia? 
Involves auditory cortex or insula
Severe impairment of verbatim repetition
Cannot write or dictation 
Spontaneous speech is near normal, except for phonemic errors 
Comprehension intact

Answer 22

Conduction Aphasia

Question 23

Type of aphasia?
Mild Wernicke’s aphasia
Verbatim repetition spared

Answer 23

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Question 24

Type of aphasia?
Lesion of anterior or superior to Broca’s area
Like mild Broca’s aphasia
Verbatim repetition spared

Answer 24

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

Question 25

Type of aphasia?
Can’t name specific things
Damage to left inferotemporal regions

Answer 25

Anomic aphasia

Question 26

Type of aphasia?
Lesions to left basal ganglia
Variable language impairments
Dysarthria

Answer 26

Subcortical Aphasia

Question 27

Type of aphasia?
Personality changes, poor judgement, sparse and perseverative speech
Passivity and dependence
Echolalic speech

Answer 27

Progressive aphasia with frontaltemporal dementia

Question 28

Common cause of aphasia

Answer 28

Stroke, commonly in left middle cerebral artery