3.4: Tourism (Paper 1 and 2)

Question 1

Explain the reasons why tourism is on the rise: (8)

Answer 1

• Improved pay and leave allowances - most workers now work less than 40 hours a week and have paid annual leave. (1)
• Improved disposable incomes - normally both partners work and this increases incoming money to the household. (1)
• It is easier than ever to cross borders with agreements between countries. (1)
• Transport is faster and cheaper than in the past. (1)
• Communication - internet, social media etc. bring awareness of foreign destinations, booking of last-minute holidays etc. (1)
• Increase in ‘built attractions’ such as theme and water parks. (1)
• Attractions such as music festivals, sporting events etc. (1)
• Many governments have invested heavily to encourage tourism or backed international events - Olympics. (1)

Question 2

Explain the advantages tourism brings economically: (5)

Answer 2

• Brings in valuable foreign currency and benefits other sectors of the economy. (1)
• It provides considerable tax revenues. (1)
• By providing employment in rural areas it can help to reduce rural-urban migration. (1)
• A major tourism development can act as a growth pole. (1)
• It can create openings for small businesses and support many jobs in the informal sector. (1)

Question 3

Explain the disadvantages tourism brings economically: (6)

Answer 3

• Economic leakages. (1)
• Most local jobs created are low-paid and seasonal. (1)
• Money borrowed to invest in the necessary infrastructure for tourism increases the national debt. (1)
• At some destinations tourist spend most of their money in their hotels with minimum benefit to the wider community. (1)
• Tourism might not be the best use for local resources that could in the future create a larger multiplier effect if used by a different economic sector. (1)
• Locations could become overly-dependent on tourism. (1)

Question 4

Explain the advantages tourism brings socially and culturally: (6)

Answer 4

• Can increase the range of social facilities for local people. (1)
• Can lead to greater understanding between people of different cultures. (1)
• Visiting ancient sites can develop a greater appreciation of the historical legacy of host countries. (1)
• Can help develop foreign language skills in host communities. (1)
• May encourage migration to major tourist generating countries. (1)
• Major international events like the Olympics can have a very positive global impact. (1)

Question 5

Describe the disadvantages tourism bring socially and culturally: (8)

Answer 5

• Loss of locally owned land. (1)
• Tourists behavior can offend local people. (1)
• Tourists may encourage crime. (1)
• Displacement of people. (1)
• Abuse of human rights. (1)
• Can erode local language and traditional values. (1)
• Loss of access to sites like beaches and forests. (1)
• Visitor congestion at key locations. (1)

Question 6

Explain how people are being urged in order for tourism to be made sustainable: (5)

Answer 6

• Fly less and stay longer (1)
• Consider slow travel (1)
• Stay locally (1)
• Avoid international chain hotels and exclusive holidays. (1)
• Carbon-offset their flight. (1)

Question 7

Define the term tourism: (1)

Answer 7

To travel away from the home environment for leisure to visit friends and family or for business reasons. (1)

Question 8

Define the term package tour: (1)

Answer 8

The most popular forms of foreign holiday where travel, accommodation and meals may all be included in the price and booked in advance. (1)

Question 9

Define the term economic leakages: (1)

Answer 9

The part of the money that a tourist pays for a foreign holiday that does not benefit the destination country because it goes elsewhere. (1)

Question 10

Define the term multipiler effect: (1)

Answer 10

The idea that an initial amount of spending or investment causes money to circulate in the economy, bringing a series of economic benefits over time. (1)

Question 11

Define the term sustainable tourism: (1)

Answer 11

Tourism organized in such a way that its level can be sustained in the future without creating irreparable environmental, social and economic damage to the receiving area. (1)

Question 12

Define the term destination footprint: (1)

Answer 12

The environmental impact caused by an individual tourist. (1)

Question 13

Define the term ecotourism: (1)

Answer 13

A specialized form of tourism where people experience relatively untouched natural environments, such as coral reefs, tropical forests and remote mountain areas and ensures that their presence does no further damage to these environments. (1)

Question 14

Define the following terms: (2)

• Preservation (1)
• Conservation (1)

Answer 14

• Preservation: Maintaining a location exactly as it is and not allowing development. (1)
• Conservation: Allowing for developments that do not damage the character of a destination. (1)

Question 15

Define the following terms: (2)

• Community tourism
• Pro-poor tourism

Answer 15

• Community tourism: A form of tourism which aims to include and benefit local communities, particularly in developing countries. (1)
• Pro-poor tourism: Tourism that results in increased net benefits for poor people. (1)