Host response to viral infection Flashcards

1
Q

Innate/primary defenses are ______ and __________

A

immediate

non-specific

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity is ______, results in immunologicalmemory

A

Acquired

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3
Q

Cytopathic effect on virus infection from ____ or ____ cell damage

A

direct

indirect

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4
Q

Direct cell damage/death by:

A
DIversion cell energy
Stops macromolecule syn
Competition ribosome
competition promotor/enhancer
inhibition of interferon defense system
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5
Q

Retroviruses typically do not cause _______, released by cell via ________ and causes _____ infection

A

cell death; budding; chronic

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6
Q

Picornavirus causes ________ and ______, leads to fever and mucus secretion (rhinovirus) or Paralysis/death (poliovirus)

A

lysis; cell death

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7
Q

Indirect cell damage by:

A

integrate into viral genome
mutation in host
inflammation
host immune response

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8
Q

permissive cell means?

A

cell has machinery/components required for viral replication

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9
Q

Infection of non-permissive cell does not result in _______ production of viruses but may result in ____ or ________ infection

A

efficient

Latent/transforming

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10
Q

Innate defense components

A
Natural barriers (skin)
Cells (Mac, PMN, DC, NK)
Souble factors (interferons, cytokines, complement, chemokines)
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11
Q

Innate immunity _____ and ______ the adaptive immune response

A

primes

initiates

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12
Q

Type 1 interferon includes ___ and ____ and secreted by ______ within hours

A

alpha, beta (antiviral cytokines)

Infected cells

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13
Q

Type 2 IFN is ____,IFN produced by ____ and ____ cells and are more ____ than type 1

A

gamma
T and NK cells
Restricted

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14
Q

INF interact with ____ to signal ____ pathway - control gene transcription regulation

A

receptors

JAK/STAT

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15
Q

Type 1 IFN gulated by ______

A

ISRE (interferon stimulated response element)

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16
Q

Type 2 IFN regulated by ___

A

GAS - gamma activated site elements

17
Q

Antiviral state (induced by IFN):

A
Decrease transcription
Block viral replication
 Block cell proliferation, metabolism
Increase NK cell activity (gamma IFN)
Increase expression of antigen presenting molec
Apoptosis (procaspase)
18
Q

PRK (mediate) does what?

A

phosphorylates/inactivate cellular translation intiation factor - decrease protein synthesis

19
Q

OAS (2-5’ oligoadenylate synthease)

A

activated by dsRNA

mRNA degradation

20
Q

Viral antigens are found on ___, ____, ____, ____

A

virions
Surface of infected cells
Debris from infected cells
Peptide fragment bound to MHC molecules

21
Q

Immunoglobulin can be _________ or _________ (function)

A

surface bound - B cell precentation to T cell

Secreted - Antibody

22
Q

B cell binds antigen and stimulated to _____ which promotes _____________

A

divide

antibody affinity maturation

23
Q

IgA function

A

inhibit virion/host attachment, neutralize toxin/enzyme

24
Q

IgG function

A

INhibition fusion of enveloped virus with host

25
Q

IgG and IgM can ________ to enhance _______

A

opsonize; phagocytosis

26
Q

IgM function

A

coat/agglutinate viruions

27
Q

IgG and IgM can faciliate in _______________________

A

complement lysis of enveloped viruses

28
Q

Group specific implies

A

epitope shared by all of a virus group

29
Q

Type specific implies

A

epitope defining virus group subset

30
Q

Th cell binds to MHC Class

A

II

31
Q

CTL bind to MHC class

A

I

32
Q

Section of ___ IFN by helper and CTL and activate NK cells

A

gamma

33
Q

CTL ____ virus infected cell

A

lysis

34
Q

NK/Mac kill infected cells _____ or by ___________________

A

directly

ADCC - antibody - dependent - cell mediated cytotoxicity

35
Q

Cell mediated response critical for _____________________-

A

recognizing and eliminated virally infected cells

36
Q

Virus evaid host by:

A

antigenic variation
Immune tolerence
Restriction enzyme
Viral molecules as inhibitors/decoys
Down regulation of host proteins (MHC class I)
Infection of immunocomp hosts
Inhibition of apoptosis/cell cycle (SV40)

37
Q

Class 1 downregulation tends to trigger ____ cell detection –> also express ____ of class 1 molecules.

A

NK

viral homolog