Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology unit 6 > heavy metal > Flashcards

heavy metal Flashcards

1
Q

how do metals cause toxicity

A

bind to sulfhydryl groups which inhibit function and cause multi-system organ toxicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GI metal toxicity

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

renal toxicity

A

proteinuria, aminoaciduria, ATN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cardiovascular toxicity

A

response to volume depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nervous system toxicity

A

altered mental status, peripheral neuropathy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

skin, hair, nails toxicity

A

changes occur days to weeks post exposure,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chronic toxicity

A

low level, chronic exposure includes all of acute, just less obvious.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chronic toxicity hematologic

A

anemias and cytopenias of various forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chronic toxicity renal

A

mild to severe insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chronic toxicity skin and skeleton

A

rashes, mees lines on nails and or gums (burton lines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

arsenic sources

A

inhalation of dust from occupation. insecticide/rodenticide/herbicide powders or sprays. arsenic trioxide for neoplasia, natural remedies and traditional medicines, well water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what form of arsenic is the most toxic

A

trivalent is more than pentavalent. inorganic is more toxic than organic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is arsenic absorbed

A

complete GI. variable pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the half life of inorganic arsenic

A

10 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the half life of organic arsenic

A

30 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GI effects of arsenic

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cardio effects of arsenic

A

shock, arrhythmia, prolonged QT (torsades)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CNS effects of arsenic

A

agitation, coma, seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

renal effects of arsenic

A

hematuria, proteinuria, ATN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

other effects of arsenic

A

bonemarrow suppression, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, hyperkeratosis, erythroderma, mees lines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chronic effects of inorganic arsenic

A

skin: dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, malignancy. neurologic: stocking-glove neuropathy, hepatoxcity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment for acute arsenic

A

supportive care: airway/breathing/circulation. GI decontamination. chelation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the chelation therapy for arsenic poisoning

A

BAL. succimer and/or DMPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the therapy for chronic exposure to arsenic

A

there is no chelation. remove the sourcee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

source of elemental mercury exposure

A

mining or processing, paint and battery manufacturing, ceramics, jewelry.

26
Q

sources of inorganic mercury salt

A

fireworks, dye and ink manufacturing. hide and felt processing, battery.

27
Q

sources of organic mercury

A

farming and pesticides/fungicides, embalming fluids and wood preservatives.

28
Q

acute elemental mercury toxicity

A

malaise, HA, fever, lung injury, metal fume fever, encephalopathy

29
Q

chronic elemental mercury toxicity

A

stomatitis, intention tremor, insomnia, mood swings, memory loss, sensory motor neuropathy.

30
Q

acute organic methyl/dimethyl mercury toxicity

A

sensory and motor neuropathy, dysarthria, ataxia, tremor, hearing deficits, psychological changes.

31
Q

acute organic phenyl/methoxymethyl mercury toxicity

A

similar to inorganic mercury salt.

32
Q

acute inorganic mercury salt toxicity

A

skin blistering, weakness, pallor, shock-like.

33
Q

chronic inorganic mercury salt toxicity

A

similar to elemental as well as acrodinia and rash.

34
Q

how must we measure the exposure to mercury

A

with whole blood measurements, since it accumulates in RBCs

35
Q

what is a common cause of organic mercury level elevation

A

seafood consumption

36
Q

what is troublesome about measuring the organic mercury level

A

24 urine collection may indicate the presence however it is not excreted in the urine and thus it is not diagnostic for organic mercury

37
Q

what is a way to confirm organic mercury exposure

A

hair analysis

38
Q

treatment for mercury

A

ABC. activated charcoal absorbs mercuric chloride and thus is useful for patients not vomiting. chelation therapy (BAL for acute elemental or inorganic). DMSA for organic mercury and as an additional for chronic exposure to elemental or inorganic

39
Q

sources of thallium

A

manufacture of semiconductors, jewelry, optical lenses, and low temp thermometers. old rodenticide and insecticide.

40
Q

toxicity for thallium

A

results for the salts, rarely elemental.

41
Q

how is thallium ingested

A

GI and absorption in the skin.

42
Q

how much thallium is lethal in adults

A

1 gm

43
Q

clinical progression of toxicity of thallium

A

within hours: nausea, vomit, diarrhea, constipation, pleuritic chest pain.
within hours to days: lethargy, coma, psychosis, seizures, respiratory failure, painful ascending neuropathy without motor involvement. tachycardia, HTN, diaphoresis, fever. myocardial necrosis, arrhythmia ARDS. alopecia.

44
Q

how to diagnose thallium

A

abdominal radiograph maybe positive within hours. blood levels. urine, hair.

45
Q

treatment of thallium

A

activated charcoal. whole bowel irrigation if the radiograph is positive. chelation therapy: prussian blue exchanges with and promotes elimination in the gut.

46
Q

what chelation does NOT work for thallium

A

BAL, EDTA, succimer, penicillamine.

47
Q

sources of lead

A

paint (pre-1978), house dust, water from plumbing, leaded gasoline, dietary supplements. toys not made in the US. occupational: lead welders, bridge painters, firing range, shot makers.

48
Q

manifestations of severe lead in children

A

encephalopathy (coma, altered sensorium, seizures, bizarre behavior, ataxia, apathy, loss of developmental skills, papilledema, cranial nerve palsies. persistent vomiting, anemia/pallor,

49
Q

manifestations of mild lead poisoning in children

A

hyperirritable behavior, intermittent lethargy, difficult child not interested in play. vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia,

50
Q

asymptomatic lead poisoning in children

A

impaired cognition, behavior, balance, fine-motor coordination. impaired learning and growth.

51
Q

manifestations of severe lead in adults

A

encepholopathy (coma, seizures, obtundation, delirium, focal motor disturbances, HA, papilledema, opticneuritis, foot drop, wrist drop, alcoholic colic, pallor/anemia, nephropathy.

52
Q

manifestations of moderate lead poisoning in adults

A

HA, memory loss, insomnia, decreased libido. neuropathy, metallic taste, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, arthritis, gout, mild anemia, arthalgia, weakness.

53
Q

mild lead poisoning in adults

A

fatigue, somnolence, moodiness, lessened interests in leisure activity, cognition, reporduction, kidney, bone density, HTN, cardiovascular disease and increased risk for cancer.

54
Q

how to assess lead in children

A

finger stick, age 1-2. if elevated obtain blood sample.

55
Q

adult lead screening

A

performed more in occupational risk. urine not useful. whole blood are standard.

56
Q

treatment of lead

A

removal of source, whole bowel irrigation, for encepholopathy use BAL, PLUS, CaNa2EDTA for 5 days. succimer for 20 days.

57
Q

iron metabiolism

A

primarily regulated through absorption in the intestine. taken up into plasma or stored in the mucosal ferritin. transferrin mediates transfer. liver, spleen and marrow are the major sources of storage

58
Q

iron toxicity

A

irritating and corrosive effect on GI, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, bleeding, volume depletion. free radical formation and tisue damage in the myocardium, vasodilation, negative inotropy, uncoupling of ETC and lactic acidosis

59
Q

treatment for iron

A

IV fluids, supportive, bowel irrigation deferoxamine

60
Q

deferoxamine

A

high affinity chelator removes iron from ferritin and transferrin. IV is faster

61
Q

deferoxamine adverse

A

hypotension, anaphylactoid, high doses for long periods ARDS. yersinia enterocolitis

pharmacology unit 6 (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions