3/8 Flashcards

1
Q

Meconium from the umbilicus results from persistence of what embryological structure?

A

Yolk stalk (vitelline duct)

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2
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Incomplete closure of anterior abdominal wall: protruding viscera covered by peritoneum

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3
Q

What is a gastroschisis?

A

Viscera protrudes through anterior abd wall without a peritoneal covering

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4
Q

Lipoic acid as a cofactor for what 3 enzymes?

A
  1. PDH (def. leads to lactic acidosis)
  2. alpha-ketoglutarate DH
  3. Branched-chain ketoacid DH (def. leads to maple syrup urine disease)
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5
Q

Deficiency in which enzyme leads to maple syrup urine disease?

A

Branched chain ketoacid DH

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6
Q

What is indicated by seeing distended macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria?

A

Whipple disease

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7
Q

What is indicated by collections of neutrophils in the crypt lumina?

A

Ulcerative colitis

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8
Q

What is indicated by intestinal inflammation with scattered noncaseating granulomas?

A

Crohns disease

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9
Q

Stop codons

A

UGA (you go away)
UAG (you are going)
UAA (you are away)

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10
Q

What receptors are stimulated by organophosphates (like in pesticides)?

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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11
Q

Defects in which steps of porphyrin synthesis cause photosensitivity?

A

Late steps: URO decarboxylase, COPRO oxidase, PROTO oxidase, ferrochelatase

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12
Q

CD15 is marker for what?

A

Granulocytes, Reed-Sternberg cells (good marker for Hodgkin lymphoma)

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13
Q

CD16 is found on what cells?

A

CD16 is a low affinity Fc receptor found on surface of NK cells, neutrophils, macrophages

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14
Q

When is natriuretic peptide secreted?

A

In cardiac myocytes in response to volume overload

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15
Q

Mechanism for reperfusion injury?

A

generation of oxygen free radicals and/or local complement activation

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