4/6 - UW 50

Question 1

Langerhans cells are different from Langhans cells! What are they?

Answer 1

LangERhans: dendritic cells in the skin and mucous membranes, with racquet shaped Birbeck granules

Langhans: multinucleated giant cell with horseshoe shaped arrangement of multiple nuclei

Question 2

What cells have racquet shaped intracellular inclusions?

Answer 2

LangERhans cells in the skin and mucous membranes

Question 3

What are Kupffer cells?

Answer 3

Hepatic macrophages

Question 4

What are hepatic macrophages called?

Answer 4

Kupffer cells

Question 5

What are Merkel cells?

Answer 5

Epidermal neuroendocrine cells that mediate TOUCH

Question 6

What are the neuroendocrine cells in the epidermis that mediate touch?

Answer 6

Merkel cells

Question 7

What are dendritic cells in the skin and mucous membranes called? What is specific to these cells on histology?

Answer 7

LangERhans (not Langhans) cells with intracellular “racquet shaped” Birbeck granules

Question 8

How does Central retinal artery occlusion present clinically?

Answer 8

PainLESS, acute, monocular vision loss, with pale retina and a cherry red macula on fundoscopy

Question 9

How does diabetic retinopathy present clinically?

Answer 9

Blurry vision, poor night vision, floaters, decreased night vision

Question 10

What is amaurosis fugax?

Answer 10

Painless, TRANSIENT (a few seconds), monocular vision loss caused by small embolus to opthalmic artery

Question 11

What AA change is in HbS?

Answer 11

Nonpolar Valine replaces negatively charged Glutamate in beta globin

Question 12

What is the AA change in HbC?

Answer 12

Positively charged Lysine replaces negative Glutamate in beta chain

Question 13

Which hemoglobinopathy has a Val in place of a Glu?

Answer 13

HbS

Question 14

Which hemoglobinopathy has a Lys in place of a Glu?

Answer 14

HbC

Question 15

What nerves enter the orbit through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Answer 15

CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CN VI

Question 16

Where does blunt aortic injury usually tear the aorta?

Answer 16

At the aortic isthmus where it is attached to the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 17

Aside from Aspergillus, what else can produce ring enhancing lesions?

Answer 17

Toxoplasma (obligate intracellular protozoan)

Question 18

Hypertensive crisis after food (cheese, sausage, wine) = ???

Answer 18

MAOI usage!  
Isocarboxazid
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
"MAO IS SELling TRAc PHones"

Question 19

How do colitis-associated carcinoma differ from sporadic colorectal carcinoma?

Answer 19

1. younger onset
2. from flat, nonpolypoid dysplasia
3. mucinous, signet ring
4. early p53, late APC
5. proximal colon, multifocal

Question 20

What is the pathophys of Pick’s disease?

Answer 20

Dementia (social disinhibition, abnormal speech, flat emotions) due to ATROPHY of frontotemporal regions

Question 21

When do you see anti-histone ab?

Answer 21

Drug induced lupus

Question 22

What hypercoagulable state can causes recurrent miscarriages?

Answer 22

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Question 23

What disease should be considered in an elderly patient presenting with:

1. fatigue (anemia)
2. constipation (hyperCa)
3. back/rib pain (osteoclasts)
4. renal failure

Answer 23

Multiple Myeloma

Question 24

What do medullary thyroid tumors secrete?

Answer 24

Calcitonin

Question 25

What is the mutation that causes familial medullary thyroid cancer?

Answer 25

RET (tyrosine kinase receptor)

Question 26

Amyloidosis of what organ contains amylin?

Answer 26

Pancreas

Question 27

What causes an increased ESR during inflammation?

Answer 27

TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-6 mediate systemic inflammation, including ESR.

Question 28

What is the most common benign liver tumor?

Answer 28

Cavernous hemangioma