week 4

Question 1

What is the nervous system divided into?

Answer 1

Structural (CNS, PNS) and functional (somatic, autonomic) groups

Question 2

What are the two main cells in nervous tissue?

Answer 2

Neurons and neuroglia (support cells)

Question 3

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 3

The neuron

Question 4

what are the two types of neurons and where to they send signals?

Answer 4

Afferent (towards the CNS)

Efferent (from the CNS)

Question 5

What are the four types of neuroglial cells?

Answer 5

Astrocytes (physical support)
Oligodendrocytes (myelin in CNS)
Microglia (phagocytic defence)
Ependymal (Cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 6

where are neuroglial cells found?

Answer 6

In the peripheral ganglia

Question 7

What produces myelin?

Answer 7

oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 8

What is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 8

progressive disease where there is demylination of nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Where do neurons transfer messages?

Answer 9

at the synapse through the use of neurotransmitter chemicals (these excite or inhibit the neuron)

Question 10

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 10

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 11

What are the roles of the central nervous system

Answer 11

intergrate and co-ordinate ingoing and outgoing neural signals
carry out higher mental functions, thinking and learning

Question 12

What is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system called?

Answer 12

A nucleus

Question 13

What is a collection of axons (nerve fibres) called in the central nervous system?

Answer 13

Tracts

Question 14

What is grey matter?

Answer 14

Nerve cell bodies

Question 15

What is white matter?

Answer 15

Interconnecting fibre tract systems

Question 16

What are the three layers of connective tissue in the meninges?

Answer 16

Pia mata
arachnoid mata
Dura mata

Question 17

What is a bundle of nerve cell bodies called in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 17

Ganglion

Question 18

What is a bundle of nerve fibres (axons) called in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 18

Peripheral nerve

Question 19

What are the two types of peripheral nerves that make up the PNS?

Answer 19

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

Question 20

Are sensory nerves afferent of efferent?

Answer 20

Afferent (as they convey signals to the brain)

Question 21

Are motor nerves afferent or efferent?

Answer 21

Efferent (as they send signals from the brain)

Question 22

What forms a peripheral nerve?

Answer 22

Axon
neurolemmal sheath (can be myelinated or unmylinated)
connective tissue sheath

Question 23

What forms the connective tissue sheath of peripheral nerves

Answer 23

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

Question 24

What does the anterior ventral horn innervate?

Answer 24

motor fibres

Question 25

What does the posterior dorsal horn innervate?

Answer 25

Sensory fibres

Question 26

what do the ventral rami supply?

Answer 26

anterior and lateral trunk

Question 27

what do the dorsal rami supply?

Answer 27

synovial joints of vertebral column

deep muscles of the back and overlying skin