week 1 (heart)

Question 1

how big is the heart?

Answer 1

about the size of a clenched fist

Question 2

Where is the heart found?

Answer 2

In the thoracic cavity, midway between the sternum and vertebrae

Question 3

What portion of the heart sits on the right and left?

Answer 3

1/3 on the right, 2/3 on the left

Question 4

which interspace is the apex found?

Answer 4

left 5th intercostal interspace

Question 5

what is anterior to the heart?

Answer 5

Sternum
Costal cartliages
medial ends of 3rd- 5th ribs on the left side

Question 6

What sac encloses the heart?

Answer 6

The pericardial sac

Question 7

what are the two parts of the pericardium

Answer 7

fiborous and serous

Question 8

What is the fiborous pericardium?

Answer 8

Part of the layers of the heart, attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm and the great vessels, it is lined by serous membrane
anchors the heart so it remains in position in the mediastinum

Question 9

What is the serous pericardium/

Answer 9

it is a double layered membrane of the heart, has a film between its layers which reduces the friction between heart and the fiborous pericardium.
its parietal and visceral layers are continuous with each other.
It also forms the hearts outer layer known as the epicardium

Question 10

do the left and right sides of the heart work together or individually?

Answer 10

the left and right work as two different pumps

Question 11

what does the superior vena cava drain?

Answer 11

blood from the head, neck thorax and arms

Question 12

What does the inferior vena cava drain

Answer 12

blood from the parts of the body below the diaphragm

Question 13

What pathway does blood flow through the heart?

Answer 13

SVC/IVC - Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - around the body

Question 14

what do the left and right sides of the heart pump into?

Answer 14

Right side = pulmonary circulation

Left side = systemic circulation

Question 15

What are the valves of the heart?

Answer 15

tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary and aortic

Question 16

What shape is the heart?

Answer 16

A tipped over pyramid

• base
• Apex
• 4 sides
• Diaphragmatic surface
• Sternocostal surface
• Rt pulmonary surface

Question 17

What makes up the anterior/sternocostal surface?

Answer 17

Mainly by the right ventricle

Question 18

What makes up the diapghragmatic/ inferior surface

Answer 18

The left ventricle and right ventricle

Question 19

What makes up the pulmonary surfaces?

Answer 19

left formed by the left ventricle

right is mainly formed by the right atrium

Question 20

What forms the right border?

Answer 20

The right atrium

Question 21

What forms the inferior border?

Answer 21

formed mainly by the right ventricle and slightly by the left ventricle

Question 22

What forms the left border?

Answer 22

formed by the left ventricle and slightly by the left auricle

Question 23

What forms the superior border?

Answer 23

formed by the right and left atria and auricles

Question 24

What are the tendinous chords?

Answer 24

they are string like processes that attach the margins of the mitral and tricuspid valves to the walls of the ventricles, preventing backflow of blood in the heart, hence preventing the vavles from opening in the wrong direction

Question 25

What are the tendinous chords?

Answer 25

they are string like processes that attach the margins of the mitral and tricuspid valves to the walls of the ventricles, preventing backflow of blood in the heart, hence preventing the vavles from opening in the wrong direction

Question 26

What are the papillary muscles?

Answer 26

are conical projections of muscle attached to the ventricular walls.
Prevent the cusps from turning inside out!
the right ventricle has 3 and the lef ventricle has 2 (due to the tricuspid valve)
They contract at the same time as the ventricles

Question 27

What is the endocardium?

Answer 27

the thin, internal lining of the heart that covers its valves

Question 28

What is the epicardium?

Answer 28

thin, external layer formed by the visceral layer of the pericardium

Question 29

What is the vasculature of the heart?

Answer 29

made up of;

• coronary arteries
• cardiac veins

Question 30

What is the vasculature of the heart?

Answer 30

made up of;

• coronary arteries
• cardiac veins

Question 31

What are the coronary arteries

Answer 31

Are the first branches of the aorta and arise off the aortic sinus (the left coronary artery arises off the left aoritc sinus, likewise does the right) and these supply the atria and ventricles

Question 32

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 32

• sinoatrial nodal branch
• Rt marginal branch
• AV nodal branch
• Posterior interventricular artery

Question 33

What does the Right coronary artery supply?

Answer 33

Right atrium
Right ventricle
part of left ventricle
part of I/V septum
SA node
AV node

Question 34

What are the branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 34

anterior interventricular branch
lateral branch
circumflex artery
left marginal artery

Question 35

What does the left coronary artery supply?

Answer 35

left atrium
most of left ventricle
part of right ventricle
most of IV septum
SA node
AV node

Question 36

What is the arterial supply to the heart?

Answer 36

Right coronary artery 
Anteriorly;
sinuatrial branch
rt marginal branch
Posteriorly:
atrioventricular nodal branch
posterior interventricular branch

Left coronary artery:
Anteriorly:
Anterior interventricular branch
Posteriorly amd laterally:
circumflex branch
left marginal branch

Question 37

What is the venous drainage of the heart?

Answer 37

Coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein
posterior interventricular vein
small cardiac vein
anterior cardiac vein
smallest cardiac vein

Question 38

nerve supply to the heart

Answer 38

sympathetic:
T1-T5/6 by cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic:
Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 39

what is the nerve supply to the heart

Answer 39

sympathetic:
T1-T5/6 by cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic:
Vagus nerve (CN X)