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anatomy year 2 semester1 > Week 8 Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Week 8 Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

How are the cranial nerves named?

A

By roman numerals in reference to their attachment to the brain in an anterior to posterior direction
They are named as cranial nerves as they emerge through the foramina or fissures in the cranium/ skull

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3
Q

What are the cranial nerves covered in?

A

Sheaths formed by the cranial meninges

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4
Q

Where do most of the cranial nerves arise?

A

Mainly off the brain stem

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5
Q

What portion of the brain stem do the cranial nerves arise?

A

The medulla, pons and midbrain

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6
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

The connecting link between the remainder of the brain and the spinal cord

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7
Q

What are the main functional components of cranial nerves?

A 
motor:
Somatic motor (efferent)
Visceral motor (efferent)
Sensory:
General sensory (touch, pain and temperature)
Visceral sensory (afferent)
Special sensory
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8
Q

What do the cranial nerves innervate?

A

Structures in the head and neck and visceral organs of the trunk

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9
Q

What kind of nerve is the olfactory nerve and where does it originate and end?

A

Cranial nerve 1
Special sensory
Begins at the mucosa of the nasal cavity and ends at the olfactory bulb in the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

What is the olfactory nerve composed of and what do they respond to?

A

Both neurons and receptors

Respond to volatile chemicals

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11
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve run?

A

Through the foramina of the cribirform plate
pierce dura and arachnoid mata
enter olfactory bulb
then becomes the olfactory tract

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12
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Sense of smell
Arousal of emotions
induce visceral responses through ANS

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13
Q

What kind of nerve is the optic nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 2

Special sensory

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14
Q

What is the optic nerves claim to fame?

A

The largest (thickest) cranial nerve

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15
Q

Where is visual information relayed to?

A

visual coriticies of the occipital lobes

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16
Q

What nerve fibres does the occulomotor nerve recieve?

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres.

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17
Q

Where does the occulomotor nerve begin and end?

A

Cranial nerve 3
originates in the midbrain
it then leaves the cranial cavity
then enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

What are the functions of the occulomotor nerve?

A

Provides motor function to 4 extraocular muscles
motor supply to the upper eyelid
Supplies parasympathetics to the sphincter of the pupil and cillary muscle of the lens

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19
Q

Where does the trochlea nerve originate?

A

Cranial nerve 4

The midbrain, it emerges from its dorsally from the brainstem

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20
Q

What is the trochlea nerves claim to fame?

A

Longest intracranial course

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21
Q

What is the function of the trochlea nerve?

A

somatic motor nerve to one of the extraocular muscles and proprioception

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22
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate from?

A

Cranial nerve 5

Originates from the pons and is the second largest cranila nerve

23
Q

What fibres supply the trigeminal nerve?

A

Somatic motor fibres and somatic sensory fibres

24
Q

How many components of the trigeminal nerve are there?

A

3:
opthalmic
maxillary
Mandibular

25
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve supply through sensory innervation?

A 
Face
Teeth
Mouth
Nasal cavity
Dura
26
Q

Where does the abducens nerve emerge?

A

From the brain stem between the pons and the medulla

27
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

somativ motor nerve to an extraocular muscle and proprioception.
Also abducts the eye

28
Q

Where does the facial nerve arise?

A

from the junction of the pons and medulla

29
Q

What is the facial nerves pathway?

A

passes through internal acoustic miatus
through the facial canal within the temporal bone
exits through the stylomastoid foramen
It then enters the parotid galnd where it gives off terminal branches

30
Q

What is the facial nerves claim to fame?

A

It is the longest interossues Cranial nerve

31
Q

What nerve fibres does the facial nerve have?

A

Special sensory fibres
Somatic sensory fibres
Somatic motor fibres
Visceral motor fibres

32
Q

What are the roots of the facial nerve and how many are there?

A

2 roots
Larger motor root:
supplies muscles of facial expression

Smaller intermediate root:
Carries taste, somatic sensory fibres and parasympathetics

33
Q

What are the unctions of the facial nerve?

A

taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and softa palate
sensory to the external ear
motor to the muscles of facial expression, throat and middle ear
Proprioception to the above muscles
parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands icramal gland, glands of the nasal cavity and palate

34
Q

What are the terminal branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Posterior auricular
Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
35
Q

Where does the Vestibulocochlea nerve arise?

A

Cranial nerve 8

between the pons and the medualla

36
Q

What is the vestibulocochlea nerves claim to fame?

A

It is the only cranial nerve that does nt exit the skull

37
Q

What are the functions of the vestibulochochlea nerve?

A

Special sensory supply
state of balance
hearing

38
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve begin?

A

Cranial nerve 9

From the medulla

39
Q

Where does the glossophrangeal nerve exit?

A

Through the jugular foramen

40
Q

What are the functions of the glossophrangeal nerve?

A 
Special sensory supply
Taste
Somatic sensory
Visceral sensory
somatic motor
visceral motor
Proprioception
41
Q

What kind of nerve fibres does the glossopharangela nerve have?

A

Parasympathetic

42
Q

What does vagus mean?

A

Cranial nerve 10

Wandering

43
Q

What is the vagus nerves claim to fame

A

it is the longest cranial nerve

44
Q

Where does the vagus nerve originate and leave the skull?

A

roots from the medulla

leaves the skull through the jugular foramen

45
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A 
sensory to:
Inferior pharynx
Larynx
Thoracic and abdominal organs
special sensory
46
Q

What does the vagus nerve have somatic motor supply to?

A 
Soft palate
Pharynx
Intrinsic laryngeal muscle
palaglotus muscle
proprioception
47
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibres of the vagus nerve supply?

A

Thoracic and abdominal viscera

48
Q

How many roots does the spinal accessory nerve have?

A

2;
Cranial root
Spinal root

49
Q

Where does the cranial root originate from on the spinal accessory nerve?

A

from the medulla

50
Q

Where does the Spinal root originate from on the spinal accessory nerve?

A

upp 5-6 cervical segments, via passing through the foramen magnu,

51
Q

What are the functions of the spinal accessory nerve?

A 
motor supply to:
soft palate
pharynx
SCM
Trapezius
52
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve arise from and where does it exit the cranium?

A

CN 12
The Medulla
exits through the hypoglossal canal

53
Q

What are the functions of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

motor nerve to the muscles of the tongue

proprioceptive fibres for these muscles

anatomy year 2 semester1 (12 decks)

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