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Eighth Grade Social Studies > Final Exam Review Grade 8 > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Grade 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What statement expresses Washington’s beliefs about foreign policy?

A

The United States should remain independent from disputes between other nations

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2
Q

What best explains why American leaders formed political parties?

A

To organize support for their views

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3
Q

What statement described a major result of the Whisky Rebellion?

A

That people realized that the new government wouldn’t tolerate violent protests

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4
Q

Who was appointed governor of the “Southwest Territory”?

A

William Blount

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5
Q

When did Tennessee become a state?

A

1796

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6
Q

Who was the first elected governor of Tennessee?

A

John Sevier

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7
Q

What River flows through Nashville?

A

Cumberland

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8
Q

What River flows through Tennessee and Alabama?

A

Tennessee River

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9
Q

What river forms the western boundary of Tennessee?

A

The Mississippi

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10
Q

What amendment was passed as a result of the Election of 1800?

A

The 12th

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11
Q

Who won the Election of 1800?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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12
Q

Lewis and Clark explored a water route to the Pacific Ocean. How would such a route have benefitted overseas trade?

A

It would provide a more direct route to markets in China and India

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13
Q

What was a result of the Embargo Act?

A

It hurt American shipping and agricultural activities

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14
Q

Give an example of judicial review

A

The Supreme Court rules that a new law violates the constitution

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15
Q

What Supreme Court case established judicial review?

A

Marbury vs Madison

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16
Q

What was a way that both Britain and France disregarded American neutrality?

A

Both captured American ships bound for Europe

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17
Q

Who did the Americans fight in the war of 1812?

A

The British

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18
Q

What best summarizes the goal of Tecumseh’s Indian confederation?

A

To return to the old ways and resist white settlers

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19
Q

What was one cause of the war of 1812?

A

The British were arming and encouraging Native Americans to fight against the United States

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20
Q

What best describes conditions in the United States as it entered the War of 1812

A

A small army and navy that lacked the training to face the British army

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21
Q

Which future president gained notoriety during the Battle of New Orleans?

A

Andrew Jackson

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22
Q

What is the best interpretation of the Supreme Court decision in McCullough vs Maryland?

A

States have no power to control federal institutions within their bodies

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23
Q

What was a result of the War of 1812?

A

Americans felt a new sense of national pride

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24
Q

What precedent did President Washington set at the beginning of his first term?

A

Her named leaders to head his cabinet departments

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25
Q

Congress protected American manufacturers after the War of 1812 by

A

Raising tariffs on imported goods

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26
Q

What conclusion did President Andrew Jackson draw about the Bank of the United States

A

It helped mostly the wealthy

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27
Q

How were voting rights affected by growing democratic clause in the 1820’s?

A

It increased the number of people participating in the voting process

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28
Q

Which of the following groups thought of Andrew Jackson as their hero?

A

Common people across the country

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29
Q

The nullification crisis was about which issue?

A

Protective tariffs

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30
Q

What statement about the 1824 election is true?

A

The House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as the president

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31
Q

How did the high protective tariff of 1828 affect southern planters?

A

It increased the price of manufactured goods

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32
Q

How did Sequoyah impact the Cherokee?

A

He invented the Cherokee alphabet

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33
Q

Who was governor of Tennessee, U.S. representative, U.S. senator, President of Texas, and Governor of Texas?

A

Sam Houston

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34
Q

Who was governor of Tennessee, a state senator and state representative, and the President of the United States?

A

James K Polk

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35
Q

What led settlers and trappers to move to Oregon and the Far West in the 1820’s?

A

Fertile lands, plentiful rainfall, and a mild climate

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36
Q

Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah?

A

They hoped to escape religious persecution

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37
Q

Why did Americans settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830’s?

A

Mexico outlawed slavery

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38
Q

What was one challenge faced by the Lone Star Republic?

A

The U.S. waited to annex them (Texas) into the Union

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39
Q

What final incident caused President Polk to urge Congress to declare war on Mexico?

A

American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande River

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40
Q

New lands gained from Mexico lead to increased tensions because

A

Americans couldn’t agree whether the new land should allow slavery

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41
Q

What were the impacts of the 2nd great awakening?

A

Increased motivation for reform movements

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42
Q

How did the Second Great Awakening affect the slavery issue?

A

It inspired many to dedicate their lives to ending slavery

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43
Q

Who is the most famous “conductor” on the Underground Railroad and is said to have never lost a “passenger”?

A

Harriet Tubman

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44
Q

How did the Missouri Compromise address the issue of slavery?

A

It drew an imaginary line that separated free and slave states geographically

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45
Q

Which part of the Compromise of 1850 created the most controversy during the 1850’s?

A

The passage of a strong fugitive slave law to return runaway slaves

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46
Q

The process that allows people in a territory or state to vote directly on issues rather then have their elected representatives decide is known as what?

A

Popular sovereignty

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47
Q

Bleeding Kansas was caused by

A

The popular sovereignty allowed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act

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48
Q

What was the Dred-Scott case about?

A

A slave named Dred Scott sued for his freedom

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49
Q

What was the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Dred-Scott case?

A

Dred Scott was a slave and considered property. Since he wasn’t a citizen, he was unable to sue in court.

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50
Q

What political party was Lincoln?

A

Republican

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51
Q

What was the eventual outcome of the abolitionist movement?

A

The 13th amendment

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52
Q

Slavery became more widely used in the Southern region because

A

Cash crops grew more easily in this region, and required a large labor force

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53
Q

The Cumberland Gap, along the Wilderness Road, is situated on which mountain range?

A

The Appalachians

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54
Q

What was a famous frontiersmen who led settlers into Kentucky and Tennessee through the Cumberland Gap along the Wilderness Road?

A

Daniel Boone

55
Q

What caused the French and Indian war?

A

British settlers pushed west into French and Native American lands

56
Q

Who won the French and Indian war?

A

Britian

57
Q

Which consequence of the French and Indian War most directly led to the Revolutionary War?

A

Great Britain was in debt

58
Q

What does “no taxation without representation” mean?

A

That colonists should have a say in the government that taxes them

59
Q

Define militia

A

A force of armed civilians pledged to defend their community

60
Q

Define minutemen

A

Members of the militia who were trained to respond at a minutes notice

61
Q

Define a patriot

A

A colonist who wanted independence from Britian

62
Q

Define a loyalist

A

Colonists who didn’t want independence from Britian

63
Q

Who’s Thomas Paine?

A

He wrote Common Sense to urge Americans to declare independence

64
Q

What are the key words to the definition of Continental Congress?

A

13 colonies

65
Q

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A

The group of people who protested against British laws using both violent and peaceful protests

66
Q

Who was Paul Revere?

A

He created the propaganda that made the Boston Massacre look like a massacre. He took the midnight ride

67
Q

Which Quaker scientist, printer, and statesmen had a strong influence at both the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention?

A

Benjamin Franklin

68
Q

What were the significance of Lexington and Concord?

A

This fighting signaled the start of the Revolution

69
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

70
Q

Where was the Declaration of Independence written?

A

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

71
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence approved by the Continental Congress?

A

During the summer of 1776

72
Q

Why was the battle of Saratoga a turning point for the patriots?

A

The patriots gained support from France and Spain

73
Q

How did the war in the south differ from the fighting in the other colonies?

A

There was more guerrilla warfare in the south

74
Q

The last major battle of the Revolutionary war happened where and in what year?

A

Yorktown in 1781

75
Q

When was the Treaty of Paris signed?

A

1783

76
Q

What is the significance of the Articles of Confederation?

A

They established the first national government of the United States

77
Q

Why were the articles of Confederation intentionally set up to be weak?

A

To prevent an oppressive government like they had under Great Britain

78
Q

Was known as the father of the Constitution?

A

James Madison

79
Q

What are the members of Senate determined by?

A

Equal state representation

80
Q

Members of the House of Representatives are determined by what?

A

Population of each state

81
Q

In what year was the Constitutional convention held?

A

1787

82
Q

Where was the Constitutional convention held?

A

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

83
Q

What were the Federalist papers?

A

Articles written for the ratification of the Constitution

84
Q

Why was the Bill of Rights added to the constitution?

A

Protect personal liberties

85
Q

What is the U.S. Constitution?

A

Structure for the US government

86
Q

What are the two parts of the US Congress?

A

House and the Senate

87
Q

Who is in charge of the legislative branch?

A

Congress

88
Q

Who’s in charge of the executive branch?

A

The President

89
Q

Who is in charge of the judicial branch?

A

The Supreme Court

90
Q

What is the establishment clause say?

A

That government can’t support or endorse a specific religion

91
Q

What is the main job of the legislative branch?

A

Make laws for our country

92
Q

What is the judicial branch responsible for?

A

Explaining laws and making sure they’re constitutional

93
Q

What is the most important job of the executive branch?

A

To enforce and carry out laws

94
Q

What makes up our bicameral legislator?

A

The House and the Senate

95
Q

What does the presidents cabinet do?

A

They advise the president and help out with enforcing laws

96
Q

Why are the three branches separate and balanced?

A

So no one branch doesn’t have too much power over the others

97
Q

What part of the United States Constitution contains fundamental liberties of American citizens?

A

Amendment one through 10/Bill of Rights

98
Q

The Constitution has survived for more than 200 years because

A

It combines strong framework with flexibility

99
Q

Federal and state governments both have power to tax. This is an example of what?

A

Federalism

100
Q

What type of government does America have today?

A

Democratic republic

101
Q

How did industrialization lead to urbanization?

A

Job opportunities drew workers into cities

102
Q

What caused the increase of Irish immigration in the mid-1800s?

A

Ireland experienced a potato famine

103
Q

Railroads and steamboats impact in America by what?

A

Increasing industry profits

104
Q

Few mills and factories were built in the south because Southerners did what?

A

Put their money into land and slaves

105
Q

The South’s political leaders were mostly what?

A

Wealthy planters

106
Q

Any white southerners who didn’t own slaves still supported slavery because they

A

Knew the south’s economy relied on slave labor

107
Q

Who invented the cotton gin and developed the use of interchangeable parts?

A

Eli Whitney

108
Q

How did Memphis’s geography help it to become known as the “Cotton Capital of the south”?

A

Its location next to the Mississippi River made it a good place to send off cotton harvests

109
Q

The Industrial Revolution began with a dramatic shift from

A

Hand made to machine made goods

110
Q

Define industrialism

A

A society built mostly on mechanized industry rather than agriculture

111
Q

Define urbanization

A

The migration of people from rural areas to cities

112
Q

Define textile

A

Cloth items that helped start the industrial revolution

113
Q

Define Mass Production

A

The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods

114
Q

Define aristocracy

A

Members of a high social class; elite

115
Q

What are the Border States?

A

Free states along the border of slave states

116
Q

Which state saw the most Civil War battles?

A

Virginia

117
Q

Where was the capital of the Confederacy?

A

Richmond, Virginia

118
Q

Where was the first battle of the Civil War fought?

A

Fort Sumter, Charleston SC

119
Q

Who won the American Civil War?

A

The North

120
Q

Which event prompted the first southern states to secede from the Union?

A

The Election of 1800

121
Q

Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan was designed to

A

Squeeze the economy of the south

122
Q

Who was the commander of the southern army?

A

Lee

123
Q

Who was the commander of the Union army?

A

Grant

124
Q

Who was the president of the Union?

A

Lincoln

125
Q

Who was the president of the confederacy?

A

Davis

126
Q

Define secession

A

To break away

127
Q

Define battery

A

A collection of artillery

128
Q

Define calvary

A

A soldier on horseback

129
Q

Define infantry

A

A soldier on foot

130
Q

Define siege

A

To surround and bombard a city for a long period of time

131
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the war because

A

Southern troops reached their northernmost point in Union territory

132
Q

With the fall of Vicksburg, Union forces

A

Gained control of the Mississippi River

133
Q

General Tecumseh Sherman’s march through Georgia was

A

An example of total war

134
Q

Where did Lee surrender to Grant, ending the Civil War?

A

Appomattox Courthouse

Eighth Grade Social Studies (25 decks)

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