39 Erythropoietic Effects if Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE

Anemia is a well-recognized complication of thyroidectomy and is associated with hypo- and hyperthyroidism and subclinical thyroid dysfunction.

Answer 1

TRUE

Anemia is a well-recognized complication of thyroidectomy and is associated with hypo- and hyperthyroidism and subclinical thyroid dysfunctio

Question 2

A normocytic normochromic anemia may be seen in primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), but the anemia may also be masked by the concomitant (increase or decrease) in plasma volume

Answer 2

Decrease

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

Glucocorticoids interact with erythropoietin in vitro to reduce erythroid colony proliferation.

Answer 3

FALSE

Glucocorticoids interact with erythropoietin in vitro to enhance erythroid colony proliferation.

Question 4

Adrenal conditions associated with erythrocytosis

Answer 4

Cushing syndrome, primary aldosteronism, Bartter syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Pheochromocytomas, paraganglioma - rare

Question 5

The patients’ with pheochromocytomas, paraganglioma were heterozygous for various gain-of-function mutations of the gene encoding _________________, and erythropoietin transcript was present not only in tumor tissue but also in the surrounding normal tissue.

Answer 5

HIF-2α (EPAS1)

***Consequently, resection of the tumor does not resolve the erythrocytosis

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE

Sexually mature males have higher hemoglobin levels than prepubertal males, older males, and females.

Answer 6

TRUE

Sexually mature males have higher hemoglobin levels than prepubertal males, older males, and females.

Question 7

Hormone responsible for the sex difference in hemoglobin

Answer 7

Testosterone

Testosterone levels directly correlated with hemoglobin levels

Question 8

Effects of Testosterone

Answer 8

Promotes the differentiation of CD34+ umbilical cord cells into erythroid progenitor cells

Associated with an increase in erythropoietin levels and a decrease in hepcidin levels

Question 9

The most common cause of pituitary insufficiency

Answer 9

Pituitary tumors or consequences of their therapy

Question 10

Deficiencies of which hormones are considered the major contributors to anemia of hypopituitarism

Answer 10

Thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, and androgens

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE

Red cell survival is decreased in hypopituitarism and the marrow is hypoplastic.

Answer 11

FALSE

Red cell survival is normal in hypopituitarism, but the marrow is hypoplastic.

Question 12

Drug which which stimulates prolactin secretion, improved hemoglobin levels or reduced transfusions in three of nine patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia

Answer 12

Metoclopramide

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

The anemia of hyperparathyroidism is normochromic and normocytic and resolves or improves after parathyroidectomy.

Answer 13

TRUE

The anemia of hyperparathyroidism is normochromic and normocytic and resolves or improves after parathyroidectomy.

** Although there is no correlation with marrow fibrosis and the duration of hyperparathyroidism, the presence of marrow fibrosis may positively correlate with improvement in anemia after parathyroidectomy