2. Prokaryotic Structure and Function Flashcards
Typical size of prokaryotic cell?
1-6 um
Does the cytoskeleton exist in bacteria?
Yes
Equivalent of intermediate filaments, actin, and microtubules in bacteria and their functions
intermediate filaments = crescentin => cell shape
actin = MreB => cell shape
microtubules = FtsZ => cell division
What are hopanoids?
Sterol-like molecules
Acts as cholesterol in bacteria => stabilizes fluidity of PM
Difference between G+/G- cell walls?
G+ have a thick peptidoglycan layer covering PM
G- have a thin outer membrane and then a periplasmic space and then a thin peptidoglycan layer covering the PM
What is peptidoglycan?
The basic structural unit of the cell wall
Bacterial cell walls have no _____________ or _________
glycoprotein or proteoglycan
What is a nucleoid?
Area where DNA and associated proteins aggregate free in the cytoplasm => NOT MEMBRANE BOUND
Aggregates of organic/inorganic material located in the cytoplasm that store nutrients are..?
Inclusion bodies
Backbone of peptidoglycan structure consists of altering ____________ and _____________
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
NAM has the extra “balls” in the figure attached
4 peptides that are part of the peptide chain attached to NAM of peptidoglycan?
L-Ala
D-Glu
DAP
D-Ala
Purpose of having more D-amino acids than L-amino acids in peptidoglycan structure?
Fight off enzymes that usually break down L-amino acids
The peptide interbridge is the link from __________ to an adjacent ___________
D-Ala to adjacent DAP
Other than D-Ala to DAP, example of another protein interbrdige?
Pentaglycine (5 Gly)
Penicillin (a _____) is naturally secreted by ________ to inhibit/kill ________ bacteria
mould, Penicillium; G+
